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Black hole spectroscopy is the program to measure the complex gravitational-wave frequencies of merger remnants, and to quantify their agreement with the characteristic frequencies of black holes computed at linear order in black hole…

One of the central goals of the newborn field of gravitational wave astronomy is to test gravity in the highly nonlinear, strong field regime characterizing the spacetime of black holes. In particular, "black hole spectroscopy" (the…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2017-10-04 Kostas Glampedakis , George Pappas , Hector O. Silva , Emanuele Berti

We estimate the potential of present and future interferometric gravitational-wave detectors to test the Kerr nature of black holes through "gravitational spectroscopy," i.e. the measurement of multiple quasinormal mode frequencies from the…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2016-09-07 Emanuele Berti , Alberto Sesana , Enrico Barausse , Vitor Cardoso , Krzysztof Belczynski

Black-hole spectroscopy, that is, measuring the characteristic frequencies and damping times of different modes in a black-hole ringdown, is a powerful probe for testing deviations from the general theory of relativity (GR). In this work,…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2023-04-14 Costantino Pacilio , Swetha Bhagwat

Black hole spectroscopy is the proposal to observe multiple quasinormal modes in the ringdown of a binary black hole merger. In addition to the fundamental quadrupolar mode, overtones and higher harmonics may be present and detectable in…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2022-02-14 Iara Ota , Cecilia Chirenti

Black-hole spectroscopy is a powerful tool to probe the Kerr nature of astrophysical compact objects and their environment. The observation of multiple ringdown modes in gravitational waveforms could soon lead to high-precision…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2024-07-23 Kyriakos Destounis , Francisco Duque

Recent measurements of gravitational-wave ringdown following the merger of binary black holes raise the prospect of precision black hole spectroscopy in the near future. To perform the most sensitive tests of the nature of black holes using…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2022-11-23 Asad Hussain , Aaron Zimmerman

Gravitational waves provide direct information about the nature of spacetime and the existence of black holes. The remnant of a binary black hole merger emits gravitational waves in the form of quasinormal modes, whose spectrum is known as…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2022-08-18 Iara Ota

The black hole uniqueness and the no-hair theorems imply that the quasinormal spectrum of any astrophysical black hole is determined solely by its mass and spin. The countably infinite number of quasinormal modes of a Kerr black hole are…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2020-08-31 Xisco Jiménez Forteza , Swetha Bhagwat , Paolo Pani , Valeria Ferrari

Ringdown gravitational waves of compact binary mergers are an important target to test general relativity. The main components of the ringdown waveform after merger are black hole quasinormal modes. In general relativity, all multipolar…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2020-07-08 Nami Uchikata , Tatsuya Narikawa , Kazuki Sakai , Hirotaka Takahashi , Hiroyuki Nakano

Black hole spectroscopy is an important pillar when studying gravitational waves from black holes and enables tests of general relativity. Most of the gravitational-wave signals observed over the last decade originate from binary black hole…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2026-01-09 Oliver Steppohn , Sebastian H. Völkel , Tim Dietrich

In any extension of General Relativity (GR), extra fundamental degrees of freedom couple to gravity. Besides deforming GR forecasts in a theory-dependent way, this coupling generically introduces extra modes in the gravitational-wave…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2026-02-03 Francesco Crescimbeni , Xisco Jimenez Forteza , Swetha Bhagwat , Julian Westerweck , Paolo Pani

Black hole spectroscopy is a powerful tool to probe the Kerr nature of astrophysical compact objects and their environment. The observation of multiple ringdown modes in gravitational waveforms could soon lead to high-precision…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2021-10-27 Kyriakos Destounis , Rodrigo Panosso Macedo , Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso , José Luis Jaramillo

It is expected that all astrophysical black holes in equilibrium are well described by the Kerr solution. Moreover, any black hole far away from equilibrium, such as one initially formed in a compact binary merger or by the collapse of a…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2022-01-14 Pierre Mourier , Xisco Jiménez Forteza , Daniel Pook-Kolb , Badri Krishnan , Erik Schnetter

The accurate computation of quasinormal modes from rotating black holes beyond general relativity is crucial for testing fundamental physics with gravitational waves. In this study, we assess the accuracy of the eikonal and post-Kerr…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2026-05-06 Ciro De Simone , Sebastian H. Völkel , Kostas D. Kokkotas , Vittorio De Falco , Salvatore Capozziello

Gravitational waves from the explosive merger of distant black holes are encoded with details regarding the complex extreme-gravity spacetime present at their source. Famously described by the Kerr spacetime metric for rotating black holes…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2020-04-29 Zack Carson , Kent Yagi

The binary black hole signal GW250114, the loudest gravitational wave detected to date, offers a unique opportunity to test Einstein's general relativity (GR) in the high-velocity, strong-gravity regime and probe whether the remnant…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2025-09-11 The LIGO Scientific Collaboration , the Virgo Collaboration , the KAGRA Collaboration

Black-hole spectroscopy is arguably the most promising tool to test gravity in extreme regimes and to probe the ultimate nature of black holes with unparalleled precision. These tests are currently limited by the lack of a ringdown…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2020-01-24 Andrea Maselli , Paolo Pani , Leonardo Gualtieri , Emanuele Berti

The ringdown phase of the binary black hole (BBH) merger provides a clean and direct probe of strong-field gravity and tests of the nature of black holes. The quasinormal mode (QNM) frequencies in modified gravity theories, as well as their…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2026-03-02 Zexin Hu , Daniela D. Doneva , Ziming Wang , Vasileios Paschalidis , Gabriele Bozzola , Stoytcho S. Yazadjiev , Lijing Shao

A key obstacle for theory-specific tests of general relativity is the lack of accurate black-hole solutions in beyond-Einstein theories, especially for moderate to high spins. We address this by developing a general framework--based on…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2026-01-19 Kelvin Ka-Ho Lam , Adrian Ka-Wai Chung , Nicolás Yunes
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