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相关论文: A Robust Semantics-based Watermark for Large Langu…

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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in generating diverse and contextually rich text. However, concerns regarding copyright infringement arise as LLMs may inadvertently produce copyrighted material. In…

Watermarking large language models (LLMs) is vital for preventing their misuse, including the fabrication of fake news, plagiarism, and spam. It is especially important to watermark LLM-generated code, as it often contains intellectual…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 Li Lin , Siyuan Xin , Yang Cao , Xiaochun Cao

Watermarking has recently emerged as an effective strategy for detecting the outputs of large language models (LLMs). Most existing schemes require white-box access to the model's next-token probability distribution, which is typically not…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Dara Bahri , John Wieting

Potential harms of large language models can be mitigated by watermarking model output, i.e., embedding signals into generated text that are invisible to humans but algorithmically detectable from a short span of tokens. We propose a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-03 John Kirchenbauer , Jonas Geiping , Yuxin Wen , Jonathan Katz , Ian Miers , Tom Goldstein

Existing sentence-level watermarking methods enhance robustness to paraphrasing by anchoring watermarks in sentence semantics. However, their prefix-based designs remain vulnerable to structural perturbations, such as sentence splitting and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Yuexin Li , Wenjie Qu , Linyu Wu , Yulin Chen , Yufei He , Tri Cao , Bryan Hooi , Jiaheng Zhang

Text watermarking for large language models (LLMs) enables model owners to verify text origin and protect intellectual property. While watermarking methods for closed-source LLMs are relatively mature, extending them to open-source models…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-29 Jiaqi Xue , Yifei Zhao , Mansour Al Ghanim , Shangqian Gao , Ruimin Sun , Qian Lou , Mengxin Zheng

Detecting whether copyright holders' works were used in LLM pretraining is poised to be an important problem. This work proposes using data watermarks to enable principled detection with only black-box model access, provided that the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-08-20 Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei , Ryan Yixiang Wang , Robin Jia

Watermarking LLM-generated text is critical for content attribution and misinformation prevention. However, existing methods compromise text quality, require white-box model access and logit manipulation. These limitations exclude API-based…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Zhuohao Yu , Xingru Jiang , Weizheng Gu , Yidong Wang , Qingsong Wen , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into real-world personalized applications through retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mechanisms to supplement their responses with domain-specific knowledge. However, the valuable…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Junfeng Guo , Yiming Li , Ruibo Chen , Yihan Wu , Chenxi Liu , Yanshuo Chen , Heng Huang

The task of discerning between generated and natural texts is increasingly challenging. In this context, watermarking emerges as a promising technique for ascribing generated text to a specific model. It alters the sampling generation…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-09 Pierre Fernandez , Antoine Chaffin , Karim Tit , Vivien Chappelier , Teddy Furon

Large-language models (LLMs) are now able to produce text that is, in many cases, seemingly indistinguishable from human-generated content. This has fueled the development of watermarks that imprint a ``signal'' in LLM-generated text with…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-15 Dor Tsur , Carol Xuan Long , Claudio Mayrink Verdun , Hsiang Hsu , Haim Permuter , Flavio P. Calmon

Proprietary large language models (LLMs) face risks of intellectual property (IP) violation, as adversaries can replicate an LLM by collecting input-output pairs to train a surrogate model, causing financial setbacks. Watermarks offer a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Kieu Dang , Phung Lai , NhatHai Phan , Yelong Shen , Ruoming Jin

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has intensified concerns about content traceability and potential misuse. Existing watermarking schemes for sampled text often face trade-offs between maintaining text quality and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-17 Shizhan Cai , Liang Ding , Dacheng Tao

Large language model (LLM) watermarking has shown promise in detecting AI-generated content and mitigating misuse, with prior work claiming robustness against paraphrasing and text editing. In this paper, we argue that existing evaluations…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Hanbo Huang , Yiran Zhang , Hao Zheng , Xuan Gong , Yihan Li , Lin Liu , Zhuotao Liu , Shiyu Liang

The rapid advancement of customized Large Language Models (LLMs) offers considerable convenience. However, it also intensifies concerns regarding the protection of copyright/confidential information. With the extensive adoption of private…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-18 Yuehan Zhang , Peizhuo Lv , Yinpeng Liu , Yongqiang Ma , Wei Lu , Xiaofeng Wang , Xiaozhong Liu , Jiawei Liu

Text watermarks in large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to detect synthetic text, mitigating misuse cases like fake news and academic dishonesty. While existing watermarking detection techniques primarily focus on classifying…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Xuandong Zhao , Chenwen Liao , Yu-Xiang Wang , Lei Li

Watermarking the outputs of large language models (LLMs) is critical for provenance tracing, content regulation, and model accountability. Existing approaches often rely on access to model internals or are constrained by static rules and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Agnibh Dasgupta , Abdullah Tanvir , Xin Zhong

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance rapidly, reliable governance tools have become critical. Publicly verifiable watermarking is particularly essential for fostering a trustworthy AI ecosystem. A central challenge persists:…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-20 Shinwoo Park , Hyejin Park , Hyeseon An , Yo-Sub Han

Text watermarking aims to subtly embed statistical signals into text by controlling the Large Language Model (LLM)'s sampling process, enabling watermark detectors to verify that the output was generated by the specified model. The…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-13 Yixin Cheng , Hongcheng Guo , Yangming Li , Leonid Sigal

Recent watermarked generation algorithms inject detectable signatures during language generation to facilitate post-hoc detection. While token-level watermarks are vulnerable to paraphrase attacks, SemStamp (Hou et al., 2023) applies…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-11 Abe Bohan Hou , Jingyu Zhang , Yichen Wang , Daniel Khashabi , Tianxing He