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Counterfactual Explanations (CEs) are an important tool in Algorithmic Recourse for addressing two questions: 1. What are the crucial factors that led to an automated prediction/decision? 2. How can these factors be changed to achieve a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-23 Xuan Zhao , Klaus Broelemann , Gjergji Kasneci

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) aim to enhance the interpretability of machine learning models by illustrating how alterations in input features would affect the resulting predictions. Common CE approaches require an additional model and…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-10-02 Matan Atad , David Schinz , Hendrik Moeller , Robert Graf , Benedikt Wiestler , Daniel Rueckert , Nassir Navab , Jan S. Kirschke , Matthias Keicher

Counterfactual explanations play an important role in detecting bias and improving the explainability of data-driven classification models. A counterfactual explanation (CE) is a minimal perturbed data point for which the decision of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-27 Donato Maragno , Jannis Kurtz , Tabea E. Röber , Rob Goedhart , Ş. Ilker Birbil , Dick den Hertog

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) are a practical tool for demonstrating why machine learning classifiers make particular decisions. For CEs to be useful, it is important that they are easy for users to interpret. Existing methods for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-17 Lisa Schut , Oscar Key , Rory McGrath , Luca Costabello , Bogdan Sacaleanu , Medb Corcoran , Yarin Gal

Counterfactual Explanations (CEs) are a powerful technique used to explain Machine Learning models by showing how the input to a model should be minimally changed for the model to produce a different output. Similar proposals have been made…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-01 Nicola Gigante , Francesco Leofante , Andrea Micheli

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) are advocated as being ideally suited to providing algorithmic recourse for subjects affected by the predictions of machine learning models. While CEs can be beneficial to affected individuals, recent work…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-06 Junqi Jiang , Francesco Leofante , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni

The same method that creates adversarial examples (AEs) to fool image-classifiers can be used to generate counterfactual explanations (CEs) that explain algorithmic decisions. This observation has led researchers to consider CEs as AEs by…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-11-03 Timo Freiesleben

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) enhance the interpretability of machine learning models by describing what changes to an input are necessary to change its prediction to a desired class. These explanations are commonly used to guide users'…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-07 Anna P. Meyer , Yuhao Zhang , Aws Albarghouthi , Loris D'Antoni

Counterfactual Explanations (CFEs) interpret machine learning models by identifying the smallest change to input features needed to change the model's prediction to a desired output. For classification tasks, CFEs determine how close a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Margarita A. Guerrero , Cristian R. Rojas

Currently, machine learning is widely used across various domains, including time series data analysis. However, some machine learning models function as black boxes, making interpretability a critical concern. One approach to address this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Keita Kinjo

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) are a powerful means for understanding how decisions made by algorithms can be changed. Researchers have proposed a number of desiderata that CEs should meet to be practically useful, such as requiring…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-26 Marco Virgolin , Saverio Fracaros

Machine learning models are widely used in real-world applications. However, their complexity makes it often challenging to interpret the rationale behind their decisions. Counterfactual explanations (CEs) have emerged as a viable solution…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-04 Muhammad Suffian , Jose M. Alonso-Moral , Alessandro Bogliolo

In the environment of fair lending laws and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the ability to explain a model's prediction is of paramount importance. High quality explanations are the first step in assessing fairness.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-23 Rachana Balasubramanian , Samuel Sharpe , Brian Barr , Jason Wittenbach , C. Bayan Bruss

The concept of counterfactual explanations (CE) has emerged as one of the important concepts to understand the inner workings of complex AI systems. In this paper, we translate the idea of CEs to linear optimization and propose, motivate,…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2024-05-27 Jannis Kurtz , Ş. İlker Birbil , Dick den Hertog

As the demand for interpretable machine learning approaches continues to grow, there is an increasing necessity for human involvement in providing informative explanations for model decisions. This is necessary for building trust and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Peiyu Li , Omar Bahri , Pouya Hosseinzadeh , Soukaïna Filali Boubrahimi , Shah Muhammad Hamdi

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) offer interpretable insights into machine learning predictions by answering ``what if?" questions. However, in real-world settings where models are frequently updated, existing counterfactual explanations…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Jamie Duell , Xiuyi Fan

Counterfactual Explanations (CEs) have emerged as a major paradigm in explainable AI research, providing recourse recommendations for users affected by the decisions of machine learning models. However, CEs found by existing methods often…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-25 Junqi Jiang , Francesco Leofante , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) are methods for generating an alternative scenario that produces a different desirable outcome. For example, if a student is predicted to fail a course, then counterfactual explanations can provide the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-01-09 Bevan I. Smith

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) provide recourse recommendations for individuals affected by algorithmic decisions. A key challenge is generating CEs that are robust against various perturbation types (e.g. input and model perturbations)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Junqi Jiang , Francesco Leofante , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) offer a human-understandable way to explain decisions by identifying specific changes to the input parameters of a base or present model that would lead to a desired change in the outcome. For optimization…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-01-06 Felix Engelhardt , Jannis Kurtz , Ş. İlker Birbil , Ted Ralphs
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