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Uncertainty estimation is essential for enhancing the reliability of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in high-stakes applications. Existing methods often overlook semantic dependencies, relying on token-level probability measures…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 Tuo Wang , Adithya Kulkarni , Tyler Cody , Peter A. Beling , Yujun Yan , Dawei Zhou

In recent years, large-scale language models (LLMs) have gained attention for their impressive text generation capabilities. However, these models often face the challenge of "hallucination," which undermines their reliability. In this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-10 Yuchen Yang , Houqiang Li , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success on a wide range of math and reasoning benchmarks. However, we observe that they often struggle when faced with unreasonable math problems. Instead of recognizing these issues,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Jingyuan Ma , Damai Dai , Zihang Yuan , Rui li , Weilin Luo , Bin Wang , Qun Liu , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui

Quantifying uncertainty in Large Language Models (LLMs) is essential for mitigating hallucinations and enabling risk-aware deployment in safety-critical tasks. However, estimating Epistemic Uncertainty(EU) via Deep Ensembles is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Seonghyeon Park , Jewon Yeom , Jaewon Sok , Jeongjae Park , Heejun Kim , Taesup Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in handling general knowledge tasks, yet they struggle with user-specific personalization, such as understanding individual emotions, writing styles, and preferences. Personalized Large Language Models…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Jiahong Liu , Zexuan Qiu , Zhongyang Li , Quanyu Dai , Wenhao Yu , Jieming Zhu , Minda Hu , Menglin Yang , Tat-Seng Chua , Irwin King

As LLM-as-a-Judge emerges as a new paradigm for assessing large language models (LLMs), concerns have been raised regarding the alignment, bias, and stability of LLM evaluators. While substantial work has focused on alignment and bias,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Qiujie Xie , Qingqiu Li , Zhuohao Yu , Yuejie Zhang , Yue Zhang , Linyi Yang

Recent years have witnessed remarkable progress made in large language models (LLMs). Such advancements, while garnering significant attention, have concurrently elicited various concerns. The potential of these models is undeniably vast;…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-27 Tianhao Shen , Renren Jin , Yufei Huang , Chuang Liu , Weilong Dong , Zishan Guo , Xinwei Wu , Yan Liu , Deyi Xiong

It is increasingly important to evaluate how text generation systems based on large language models (LLMs) behave, such as their tendency to produce harmful output or their sensitivity to adversarial inputs. Such evaluations often rely on a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-17 Rachel Longjohn , Shang Wu , Saatvik Kher , Catarina Belém , Padhraic Smyth

We introduce a novel approach for calibrating uncertainty quantification (UQ) tailored for multi-modal large language models (LLMs). Existing state-of-the-art UQ methods rely on consistency among multiple responses generated by the LLM on…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in decision-making contexts, but when they present answers without signaling low confidence, users may unknowingly act on erroneous outputs. Prior work shows that LLMs maintain internal…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-23 Mark Steyvers , Catarina Belem , Padhraic Smyth

The breakthrough of generative large language models (LLMs) that can solve different tasks through chat interaction has led to a significant increase in the use of general benchmarks to assess the quality or performance of these models…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-03 Fabio Barth , Georg Rehm

The success of deep learning (DL) fostered the creation of unifying frameworks such as tensorflow or pytorch as much as it was driven by their creation in return. Having common building blocks facilitates the exchange of, e.g., models or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-05-03 Maximilian Pintz , Joachim Sicking , Maximilian Poretschkin , Maram Akila

Uncertainty quantification enables users to assess the reliability of responses generated by large language models (LLMs). We present a novel Question Rephrasing technique to evaluate the input uncertainty of LLMs, which refers to the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-08 Zizhang Chen , Pengyu Hong , Sandeep Madireddy

Accurate uncertainty quantification in large language models (LLMs) is essential for reliable confidence estimation, yet fine-tuned LLMs often become overconfident under limited adaptation data. Existing uncertainty methods for PEFT-based…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Ruijia Niu , Dongxia Wu , Rose Yu , Yi-An Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored across a range of reasoning tasks. However, LLMs sometimes struggle with reasoning tasks under uncertainty that are relatively easy for humans, such as planning actions in…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-06 Ziwei Deng , Mian Deng , Chenjing Liang , Zeming Gao , Chennan Ma , Chenxing Lin , Haipeng Zhang , Songzhu Mei , Siqi Shen , Cheng Wang

We show that large language models (LLMs) are remarkably good at working with interpretable models that decompose complex outcomes into univariate graph-represented components. By adopting a hierarchical approach to reasoning, LLMs can…

To leverage the full potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) it is crucial to have some information on their answers' uncertainty. This means that the model has to be able to quantify how certain it is in the correctness of a given…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-04-07 Mirko Borszukovszki , Ivo Pascal de Jong , Matias Valdenegro-Toro

Uncertainty estimation is important for deploying LLMs in high-stakes applications such as healthcare and finance, where hallucinations can appear fluent and plausible while being factually incorrect, making it difficult for users to judge…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Mingcheng Zhu , Yu Liu , Tingting Zhu

This paper investigates whether large language models (LLMs) are state-of-the-art quality estimators for machine translation of user-generated content (UGC) that contains emotional expressions, without the use of reference translations. To…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Shenbin Qian , Constantin Orăsan , Diptesh Kanojia , Félix do Carmo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing and demonstrated impressive capabilities in various tasks. Unfortunately, they are prone to hallucinations, where the model exposes incorrect or false information…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-13 Patrik Puchert , Poonam Poonam , Christian van Onzenoodt , Timo Ropinski