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Machine Translation systems can produce different types of errors, some of which are characterized as critical or catastrophic due to the specific negative impact that they can have on users. In this paper we focus on one type of critical…

Our proposed method, ReSeTOX (REdo SEarch if TOXic), addresses the issue of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) generating translation outputs that contain toxic words not present in the input. The objective is to mitigate the introduction of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-22 Javier García Gilabert , Carlos Escolano , Marta R. Costa-Jussà

Multilingual toxicity detection remains a significant challenge due to the scarcity of training data and resources for many languages. While prior work has leveraged the translate-test paradigm to support cross-lingual transfer across a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-19 Samuel J. Bell , Eduardo Sánchez , David Dale , Pontus Stenetorp , Mikel Artetxe , Marta R. Costa-jussà

To date, toxicity mitigation in language models has almost entirely been focused on single-language settings. As language models embrace multilingual capabilities, it's crucial our safety measures keep pace. Recognizing this research gap,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-31 Luiza Pozzobon , Patrick Lewis , Sara Hooker , Beyza Ermis

Considerable effort has been dedicated to mitigating toxicity, but existing methods often require drastic modifications to model parameters or the use of computationally intensive auxiliary models. Furthermore, previous approaches have…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-10-12 Luiza Pozzobon , Beyza Ermis , Patrick Lewis , Sara Hooker

Recent generative large language models (LLMs) show remarkable performance in non-English languages, but when prompted in those languages they tend to express higher harmful social biases and toxicity levels. Prior work has shown that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Vera Neplenbroek , Arianna Bisazza , Raquel Fernández

Text toxicity detection systems exhibit significant biases, producing disproportionate rates of false positives on samples mentioning demographic groups. But what about toxicity detection in speech? To investigate the extent to which…

Research in toxicity detection in natural language processing for the speech modality (audio-based) is quite limited, particularly for languages other than English. To address these limitations and lay the groundwork for truly multilingual…

Toxicity classification for voice heavily relies on the semantic content of speech. We propose a novel framework that utilizes cross-modal learning to integrate the semantic embedding of text into a multilabel speech toxicity classifier…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-19 Joseph Liu , Mahesh Kumar Nandwana , Janne Pylkkönen , Hannes Heikinheimo , Morgan McGuire

Algorithmic bias often arises as a result of differential subgroup validity, in which predictive relationships vary across groups. For example, in toxic language detection, comments targeting different demographic groups can vary markedly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-08 Soumyajit Gupta , Sooyong Lee , Maria De-Arteaga , Matthew Lease

Toxicity detection in multimodal text-image content faces growing challenges, especially with multimodal implicit toxicity, where each modality appears benign on its own but conveys hazard when combined. Multimodal implicit toxicity appears…

多媒体 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Shiyao Cui , Qinglin Zhang , Xuan Ouyang , Renmiao Chen , Zhexin Zhang , Yida Lu , Hongning Wang , Han Qiu , Minlie Huang

Large language models (LM) generate remarkably fluent text and can be efficiently adapted across NLP tasks. Measuring and guaranteeing the quality of generated text in terms of safety is imperative for deploying LMs in the real world; to…

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results across a range of natural language processing tasks, but their potential to generate harmful content has raised serious safety concerns. Current toxicity detectors primarily rely…

Language is a deep-rooted means of perpetration of stereotypes and discrimination. Large Language Models (LLMs), now a pervasive technology in our everyday lives, can cause extensive harm when prone to generating toxic responses. The…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Simone Corbo , Luca Bancale , Valeria De Gennaro , Livia Lestingi , Vincenzo Scotti , Matteo Camilli

Content moderation typically combines the efforts of human moderators and machine learning models. However, these systems often rely on data where significant disagreement occurs during moderation, reflecting the subjective nature of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-01 Guillermo Villate-Castillo , Javier Del Ser , Borja Sanz

Drug toxicity remains a major challenge in pharmaceutical development. Recent machine learning models have improved in silico toxicity prediction, but their reliance on annotated data and lack of interpretability limit their applicability.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-06 Jueon Park , Yein Park , Minju Song , Soyon Park , Donghyeon Lee , Seungheun Baek , Jaewoo Kang

Toxicity annotators and content moderators often default to mental shortcuts when making decisions. This can lead to subtle toxicity being missed, and seemingly toxic but harmless content being over-detected. We introduce BiasX, a framework…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-24 Yiming Zhang , Sravani Nanduri , Liwei Jiang , Tongshuang Wu , Maarten Sap

As online communication increasingly incorporates under-represented languages and colloquial dialects, standard translation systems often fail to preserve local slang, code-mixing, and culturally embedded markers of harmful speech.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-17 Ziyu Ge , Gabriel Chua , Leanne Tan , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate toxic content, posing significant risks for safe deployment. Current mitigation strategies often degrade generation quality or require costly human annotation. We propose CAUSALDETOX, a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Yian Wang , Yuen Chen , Agam Goyal , Hari Sundaram

The rapid growth of social media platforms has raised significant concerns regarding online content toxicity. When Large Language Models (LLMs) are used for toxicity detection, two key challenges emerge: 1) the absence of domain-specific…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Yibo Zhao , Jiapeng Zhu , Can Xu , Yao Liu , Xiang Li
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