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The labels used to train machine learning (ML) models are of paramount importance. Typically for ML classification tasks, datasets contain hard labels, yet learning using soft labels has been shown to yield benefits for model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-08-31 Katherine M. Collins , Umang Bhatt , Adrian Weller

Supervised classification algorithms are used to solve a growing number of real-life problems around the globe. Their performance is strictly connected with the quality of labels used in training. Unfortunately, acquiring good-quality…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-08 Daniel Kałuża , Andrzej Janusz , Dominik Ślęzak

Predicting all applicable labels for a given image is known as multi-label classification. Compared to the standard multi-class case (where each image has only one label), it is considerably more challenging to annotate training data for…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-10-25 Elijah Cole , Oisin Mac Aodha , Titouan Lorieul , Pietro Perona , Dan Morris , Nebojsa Jojic

In real-world data labeling applications, annotators often provide imperfect labels. It is thus common to employ multiple annotators to label data with some overlap between their examples. We study active learning in such settings, aiming…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-29 Hui Wen Goh , Jonas Mueller

In this paper, we study the use of soft labels to train a system for sound event detection (SED). Soft labels can result from annotations which account for human uncertainty about categories, or emerge as a natural representation of…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-03-01 Irene Martín-Morató , Manu Harju , Paul Ahokas , Annamaria Mesaros

One-hot labels do not represent soft decision boundaries among concepts, and hence, models trained on them are prone to overfitting. Using soft labels as targets provide regularization, but different soft labels might be optimal at…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-09-22 Nidhi Vyas , Shreyas Saxena , Thomas Voice

Selecting an effective training signal for machine learning tasks is difficult: expert annotations are expensive, and crowd-sourced annotations may not be reliable. Recent work has demonstrated that learning from a distribution over labels…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-23 Dustin Wright , Isabelle Augenstein

When annotators disagree, that disagreement can reflect epistemic uncertainty rather than simple label noise. We study hard-label delivery as an alternative to the usual choices of collapsing votes to a single label or training directly on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Mirerfan Gheibi , Gashin Ghazizadeh

High-quality data is necessary for modern machine learning. However, the acquisition of such data is difficult due to noisy and ambiguous annotations of humans. The aggregation of such annotations to determine the label of an image leads to…

Many machine learning tasks involve inherent subjectivity, where annotators naturally provide varied labels. Standard practice collapses these label distributions into single labels, aggregating diverse human judgments into point estimates.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-19 Agamdeep Singh , Ashish Tiwari , Hosein Hasanbeig , Priyanshu Gupta

In supervised machine learning, models are typically trained using data with hard labels, i.e., definite assignments of class membership. This traditional approach, however, does not take the inherent uncertainty in these labels into…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-25 Sjoerd de Vries , Dirk Thierens

In supervised learning, low quality annotations lead to poorly performing classification and detection models, while also rendering evaluation unreliable. This is particularly apparent on temporal data, where annotation quality is affected…

Annotating data for multi-label classification is prohibitively expensive because every category of interest must be confirmed to be present or absent. Recent work on single positive multi-label (SPML) learning shows that it is possible to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-26 Julio Arroyo , Pietro Perona , Elijah Cole

Human annotations are vital to supervised learning, yet annotators often disagree on the correct label, especially as annotation tasks increase in complexity. A strategy to improve label quality is to ask multiple annotators to label the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-22 Alexander Braylan , Madalyn Marabella , Omar Alonso , Matthew Lease

In semantic segmentation, training data down-sampling is commonly performed due to limited resources, the need to adapt image size to the model input, or improve data augmentation. This down-sampling typically employs different strategies…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-02-20 Roberto Alcover-Couso , Marcos Escudero-Vinolo , Juan C. SanMiguel , Jose M. Martinez

Annotators exhibit disagreement during data labeling, which can be termed as annotator label uncertainty. Annotator label uncertainty manifests in variations of labeling quality. Training with a single low-quality annotation per sample…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-18 Chen Zhou , Mohit Prabhushankar , Ghassan AlRegib

Large-scale multi-label classification datasets are commonly, and perhaps inevitably, partially annotated. That is, only a small subset of labels are annotated per sample. Different methods for handling the missing labels induce different…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-10-22 Emanuel Ben-Baruch , Tal Ridnik , Itamar Friedman , Avi Ben-Cohen , Nadav Zamir , Asaf Noy , Lihi Zelnik-Manor

Incorporating every annotator's perspective is crucial for unbiased data modeling. Annotator fatigue and changing opinions over time can distort dataset annotations. To combat this, we propose to learn a more accurate representation of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-05 Uthman Jinadu , Yi Ding

Deep ConvNets have shown great performance for single-label image classification (e.g. ImageNet), but it is necessary to move beyond the single-label classification task because pictures of everyday life are inherently multi-label.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2019-02-27 Thibaut Durand , Nazanin Mehrasa , Greg Mori

High-quality data is crucial for the success of machine learning, but labeling large datasets is often a time-consuming and costly process. While semi-supervised learning can help mitigate the need for labeled data, label quality remains an…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-05-23 Lars Schmarje , Vasco Grossmann , Tim Michels , Jakob Nazarenus , Monty Santarossa , Claudius Zelenka , Reinhard Koch
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