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Contrastive learning (CL) methods effectively learn data representations in a self-supervision manner, where the encoder contrasts each positive sample over multiple negative samples via a one-vs-many softmax cross-entropy loss. By…

This paper investigates negative sampling for contrastive learning in the context of audio-text retrieval. The strategy for negative sampling refers to selecting negatives (either audio clips or textual descriptions) from a pool of…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-02-20 Huang Xie , Okko Räsänen , Tuomas Virtanen

Contrastive learning has revolutionized the field of computer vision, learning rich representations from unlabeled data, which generalize well to diverse vision tasks. Consequently, it has become increasingly important to explain these…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-12-15 Fawaz Sammani , Boris Joukovsky , Nikos Deligiannis

Contrastive learning is a family of self-supervised methods where a model is trained to solve a classification task constructed from unlabeled data. It has recently emerged as one of the leading learning paradigms in the absence of labels…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-03-05 Bingbin Liu , Pradeep Ravikumar , Andrej Risteski

Asymmetric appearance between positive pair effectively reduces the risk of representation degradation in contrastive learning. However, there are still a mass of appearance similarities between positive pair constructed by the existing…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-06-06 Chengchao Shen , Jianzhong Chen , Shu Wang , Hulin Kuang , Jin Liu , Jianxin Wang

Contrastive learning operates on a simple yet effective principle: Embeddings of positive pairs are pulled together, while those of negative pairs are pushed apart. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for understanding contrastive…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-16 Chungpa Lee , Sehee Lim , Kibok Lee , Jy-yong Sohn

Contrastive learning has been shown to produce generalizable representations of audio and visual data by maximizing the lower bound on the mutual information (MI) between different views of an instance. However, obtaining a tight lower…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-04-20 Shuang Ma , Zhaoyang Zeng , Daniel McDuff , Yale Song

Contrastive learning has gained popularity and pushes state-of-the-art performance across numerous large-scale benchmarks. In contrastive learning, the contrastive loss function plays a pivotal role in discerning similarities between…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-03 Haojin Deng , Yimin Yang

As a representative self-supervised method, contrastive learning has achieved great successes in unsupervised training of representations. It trains an encoder by distinguishing positive samples from negative ones given query anchors. These…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-03-29 Xiao Wang , Yuhang Huang , Dan Zeng , Guo-Jun Qi

Recent methods for deep metric learning have been focusing on designing different contrastive loss functions between positive and negative pairs of samples so that the learned feature embedding is able to pull positive samples of the same…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-11-08 Shichao Kan , Zhiquan He , Yigang Cen , Yang Li , Vladimir Mladenovic , Zhihai He

Machine unlearning aims to eliminate the influence of a subset of training samples (i.e., unlearning samples) from a trained model. Effectively and efficiently removing the unlearning samples without negatively impacting the overall model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-22 Hong kyu Lee , Qiuchen Zhang , Carl Yang , Jian Lou , Li Xiong

One of the challenges in contrastive learning is the selection of appropriate \textit{hard negative} examples, in the absence of label information. Random sampling or importance sampling methods based on feature similarity often lead to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-03 Afrina Tabassum , Muntasir Wahed , Hoda Eldardiry , Ismini Lourentzou

Noise contrastive learning is a popular technique for unsupervised representation learning. In this approach, a representation is obtained via reduction to supervised learning, where given a notion of semantic similarity, the learner tries…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-21 Jordan T. Ash , Surbhi Goel , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Dipendra Misra

Fine-grained classification involves dealing with datasets with larger number of classes with subtle differences between them. Guiding the model to focus on differentiating dimensions between these commonly confusable classes is key to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-09-14 Varsha Suresh , Desmond C. Ong

Recently, contrastive learning has been shown to be effective in improving pre-trained language models (PLM) to derive high-quality sentence representations. It aims to pull close positive examples to enhance the alignment while push apart…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-05-03 Kun Zhou , Beichen Zhang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Contrastive self-supervised learning has outperformed supervised pretraining on many downstream tasks like segmentation and object detection. However, current methods are still primarily applied to curated datasets like ImageNet. In this…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-12-15 Wouter Van Gansbeke , Simon Vandenhende , Stamatios Georgoulis , Luc Van Gool

Given a similarity metric, contrastive methods learn a representation in which examples that are similar are pushed together and examples that are dissimilar are pulled apart. Contrastive learning techniques have been utilized extensively…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-07-07 Emily Mu , John Guttag , Maggie Makar

Contrastive learning, a dominant self-supervised technique, emphasizes similarity in representations between augmentations of the same input and dissimilarity for different ones. Although low contrastive loss often correlates with high…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-22 Yunzhe Zhang , Yao Lu , Qi Xuan

Contrastive learning is a powerful technique to learn representations that are semantically distinctive and geometrically invariant. While most of the earlier approaches have demonstrated its effectiveness on single-modality learning tasks…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-10-19 Anurag Jain , Yashaswi Verma

As one of the most effective self-supervised representation learning methods, contrastive learning (CL) relies on multiple negative pairs to contrast against each positive pair. In the standard practice of contrastive learning, data…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-18 Lu Wang , Chao Du , Pu Zhao , Chuan Luo , Zhangchi Zhu , Bo Qiao , Wei Zhang , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Qi Zhang