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Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is increasingly being used as a support tool within clinical settings for pathological diagnosis decisions, achieving high performance and removing the annotation burden. However, existing approaches for…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-01 Sungrae Hong , Kyungeun Kim , Juhyeon Kim , Sol Lee , Jisu Shin , Chanjae Song , Mun Yong Yi

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has emerged as a powerful framework for weakly supervised whole slide image (WSI) classification, enabling slide-level predictions without requiring detailed patch-level annotations. Despite its success, a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-25 Bryan Wong , Mun Yong Yi

Multiple instance learning (MIL) aims to learn the mapping between a bag of instances and the bag-level label. In this paper, we propose a new end-to-end graph neural network (GNN) based algorithm for MIL: we treat each bag as a graph and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-06-13 Ming Tu , Jing Huang , Xiaodong He , Bowen Zhou

Histomorphology is crucial in cancer diagnosis. However, existing whole slide image (WSI) classification methods struggle to effectively incorporate histomorphology information, limiting their ability to capture key pathological features.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Baizhi Wang , Rui Yan , Wenxin Ma , Xu Zhang , Yuhao Wang , Xiaolong Li , Yunjie Gu , Zihang Jiang , S. Kevin Zhou

Whole-slide image classification represents a key challenge in computational pathology and medicine. Attention-based multiple instance learning (MIL) has emerged as an effective approach for this problem. However, the effect of attention…

Digital histopathology whole slide images (WSIs) provide gigapixel-scale high-resolution images that are highly useful for disease diagnosis. However, digital histopathology image analysis faces significant challenges due to the limited…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-13 Bodong Zhang , Xiwen Li , Hamid Manoochehri , Xiaoya Tang , Deepika Sirohi , Beatrice S. Knudsen , Tolga Tasdizen

Multiple instance learning (MIL) was a weakly supervised learning approach that sought to assign binary class labels to collections of instances known as bags. However, due to their weak supervision nature, the MIL methods were susceptible…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-05-27 Wenhui Zhu , Peijie Qiu , Xiwen Chen , Oana M. Dumitrascu , Yalin Wang

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) models have proven effective for cancer prognosis from Whole Slide Images. However, the original MIL formulation incorrectly assumes the patches of the same image to be independent, leading to a loss of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-08-13 Thiziri Nait Saada , Valentina Di Proietto , Benoit Schmauch , Katharina Von Loga , Lucas Fidon

Multiple instance learning (MIL) problem is currently solved from either bag-classification or instance-classification perspective, both of which ignore important information contained in some instances and result in limited performance.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-08-12 Yingfan Ma , Xiaoyuan Luo , Mingzhi Yuan , Xinrong Chen , Manning Wang

Fine-grained classification of whole slide images (WSIs) is essential in precision oncology, enabling precise cancer diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies. The core of this task involves distinguishing subtle morphological…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-04-07 Cheng Jin , Luyang Luo , Huangjing Lin , Jun Hou , Hao Chen

Segmenting tumors in histological images is vital for cancer diagnosis. While fully supervised models excel with pixel-level annotations, creating such annotations is labor-intensive and costly. Accurate histopathology image segmentation…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-16 Yinsheng He , Xingyu Li , Roger J. Zemp

Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification remains a challenge due to their extremely high resolution and the absence of fine-grained labels. Presently, WSI classification is usually regarded as a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem when…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-08-24 Hongyi Wang , Luyang Luo , Fang Wang , Ruofeng Tong , Yen-Wei Chen , Hongjie Hu , Lanfen Lin , Hao Chen

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is concerned with learning from sets (bags) of objects (instances), where the individual instance labels are ambiguous. In this setting, supervised learning cannot be applied directly. Often, specialized MIL…

机器学习 · 统计学 2014-12-04 Veronika Cheplygina , David M. J. Tax , Marco Loog

While multiple instance learning (MIL) has shown to be a promising approach for histopathological whole slide image (WSI) analysis, its reliance on permutation invariance significantly limits its capacity to effectively uncover semantic…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-07-14 Xiwen Chen , Peijie Qiu , Wenhui Zhu , Hao Wang , Huayu Li , Xuanzhao Dong , Xiaotong Sun , Xiaobing Yu , Yalin Wang , Abolfazl Razi , Aristeidis Sotiras

Multiple instance learning exhibits a powerful approach for whole slide image-based diagnosis in the absence of pixel- or patch-level annotations. In spite of the huge size of hole slide images, the number of individual slides is often…

Weakly supervised machine learning algorithms are able to learn from ambiguous samples or labels, e.g., multi-instance learning or partial-label learning. However, in some real-world tasks, each training sample is associated with not only…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-12-20 Wei Tang , Weijia Zhang , Min-Ling Zhang

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is a cornerstone approach in computational pathology (CPath) for generating clinically meaningful slide-level embeddings from gigapixel tissue images. However, MIL often struggles with small, weakly…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-12 Daniel Shao , Richard J. Chen , Andrew H. Song , Joel Runevic , Ming Y. Lu , Tong Ding , Faisal Mahmood

A new multi-attention based method for solving the MIL problem (MAMIL), which takes into account the neighboring patches or instances of each analyzed patch in a bag, is proposed. In the method, one of the attention modules takes into…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-14 Andrei V. Konstantinov , Lev V. Utkin

We study the problem of learning from aggregate observations where supervision signals are given to sets of instances instead of individual instances, while the goal is still to predict labels of unseen individuals. A well-known example is…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-01-08 Yivan Zhang , Nontawat Charoenphakdee , Zhenguo Wu , Masashi Sugiyama

Multi-instance learning (MIL) is an effective paradigm for whole-slide pathological images (WSIs) classification to handle the gigapixel resolution and slide-level label. Prevailing MIL methods primarily focus on improving the feature…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-03-14 Tiancheng Lin , Zhimiao Yu , Hongyu Hu , Yi Xu , Chang Wen Chen