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The Mixture of Experts (MoE) model becomes an important choice of large language models nowadays because of its scalability with sublinear computational complexity for training and inference. However, existing MoE models suffer from two…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2023-04-25 Xin Chen , Hengheng Zhang , Xiaotao Gu , Kaifeng Bi , Lingxi Xie , Qi Tian

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has become a fundamental building block in state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs), improving domain-specific expertise in LLMs and scaling model capacity without proportionally increasing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Ankit Jyothish , Ali Jannesari , Aishwarya Sarkar , Joseph Zuber

Large Mixture of Experts (MoE) models could achieve state-of-the-art quality on various language tasks, including machine translation task, thanks to the efficient model scaling capability with expert parallelism. However, it has brought a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-05 Young Jin Kim , Raffy Fahim , Hany Hassan Awadalla

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has become a key architectural paradigm for efficiently scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) by selectively activating a subset of parameters for each input token. However, standard MoE architectures face…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Zehua Liu , Han Wu , Ruifeng She , Xiaojin Fu , Xiongwei Han , Tao Zhong , Mingxuan Yuan

Emerging expert-specialized Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, such as DeepSeek-MoE, deliver strong model quality through fine-grained expert segmentation and large top-k routing. However, their scalability is limited by substantial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-20 Yueming Yuan , Ahan Gupta , Jianping Li , Sajal Dash , Feiyi Wang , Minjia Zhang

The mixture of experts (MoE) model is a sparse variant of large language models (LLMs), designed to hold a better balance between intelligent capability and computational overhead. Despite its benefits, MoE is still too expensive to deploy…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-04-23 Haodong Wang , Qihua Zhou , Zicong Hong , Song Guo

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) face a trilemma of load imbalance, parameter redundancy, and communication overhead. We introduce a unified framework based on dynamic expert clustering and structured compression to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Peijun Zhu , Ning Yang , Baoliang Tian , Jiayu Wei , Weihao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Pin Lv

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture is a cornerstone of modern state-of-the-art (SOTA) large language models (LLMs). MoE models facilitate scalability by enabling sparse parameter activation. However, traditional MoE architecture uses…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) based large language models (LLMs) offer strong performance but suffer from high memory and computation costs. Weight binarization provides extreme efficiency, yet existing binary methods designed for dense LLMs…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Zhixiong Zhao , Zukang Xu , Zhixuan Chen , Dawei Yang

Privacy-preserving Transformer inference has gained attention due to the potential leakage of private information. Despite recent progress, existing frameworks still fall short of practical model scales, with gaps up to a hundredfold. A…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Bowen Shen , Yuyue Chen , Peng Yang , Bin Zhang , Xi Zhang , Zoe L. Jiang

The parameter size of modern large language models (LLMs) can be scaled up via the sparsely-activated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) technique to avoid excessive increase of the computational costs. To further improve training efficiency,…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-10-08 Yunqi Gao , Bing Hu , Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi , A-Long Jin , Yanfeng Zhang , Pei Xiao , Rahim Tafazolli , Merouane Debbah

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a promising architecture for modern large language models (LLMs). However, massive parameters impose heavy GPU memory (i.e., VRAM) demands, hindering the widespread adoption of MoE LLMs. Offloading…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-11 Jiaming Yan , Jianchun Liu , Hongli Xu , Liusheng Huang

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) allows scaling of language and vision models efficiently by activating only a small subset of experts per input. While this reduces computation, the large number of parameters still incurs substantial memory…

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture improves computational efficiency via sparse expert activation, but throughput-oriented inference faces substantial GPU memory pressure due to a significant parameter size and intermediate data.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Muyoung Son , Yi Chen , Seungjae Yoo , Soongyu Choi , Joo-Young Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained immense success in revolutionizing various applications, including content generation, search and recommendation, and AI-assisted operation. To reduce high training costs, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Hanfei Yu , Xingqi Cui , Hong Zhang , Hao Wang , Hao Wang

Despite many recent works on Mixture of Experts (MoEs) for resource-efficient Transformer language models, existing methods mostly focus on MoEs for feedforward layers. Previous attempts at extending MoE to the self-attention layer fail to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-02 Róbert Csordás , Piotr Piękos , Kazuki Irie , Jürgen Schmidhuber

A critical approach for efficiently deploying Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models with massive parameters is quantization. However, state-of-the-art MoE models suffer from non-negligible accuracy loss with extreme quantization, such as under 4…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-08 Beichen Huang , Yueming Yuan , Zelei Shao , Minjia Zhang

Larger transformer models always perform better on various tasks but require more costs to scale up the model size. To efficiently enlarge models, the mixture-of-experts (MoE) architecture is widely adopted, which consists of a gate network…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-11-14 Xiaonan Nie , Qibin Liu , Fangcheng Fu , Shenhan Zhu , Xupeng Miao , Xiaoyang Li , Yang Zhang , Shouda Liu , Bin Cui

Scaling Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) training introduces systems challenges absent in dense models. Because each token activates only a subset of experts, this sparsity allows total parameters to grow much faster than per-token computation,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as Internet/Web services (LLM-as-a-Service) with strict latency Service-Level Objectives (SLOs) under tight GPU memory budgets. Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models improve quality and…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Yuning Zhang , Grant Pinkert , Nan Yang , Yanli Li , Dong Yuan