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While scaling laws for large language models (LLMs) during pre-training have been extensively studied, their behavior under reinforcement learning (RL) post-training remains largely unexplored. This paper presents a systematic empirical…

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a promising frontier for recommender systems, yet their development has been impeded by the absence of predictable scaling laws, which are crucial for guiding research and optimizing resource…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-02-16 Benyu Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Jianpeng Cheng , Hong-You Chen , Qifei Wang , Wei Sun , Shen Li , Jia Li , Jiahao Wu , Xiangjun Fan , Hong Yan

The wide applicability and adaptability of generative large language models (LLMs) has enabled their rapid adoption. While the pre-trained models can perform many tasks, such models are often fine-tuned to improve their performance on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-16 Myles Foley , Ambrish Rawat , Taesung Lee , Yufang Hou , Gabriele Picco , Giulio Zizzo

Large language models (LLMs) solve reasoning problems by first generating a rationale and then answering. We formalize reasoning as a latent variable model and derive a reward-based filtered expectation-maximization (FEM) objective for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Junghyun Lee , Branislav Kveton , Anup Rao , Subhojyoti Mukherjee , Ryan A. Rossi , Sunav Choudhary , Alexa Siu

Large language models (LLMs) are predominantly used as evaluators for natural language generation (NLG) tasks, but their application to broader evaluation scenarios remains limited. In this work, we explore the potential of LLMs as general…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-02 Jie Meng , Jin Mao

Large pretrained language models (PLMs) are often domain- or task-adapted via fine-tuning or prompting. Finetuning requires modifying all of the parameters and having enough data to avoid overfitting while prompting requires no training and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-07-11 Zejiang Hou , Julian Salazar , George Polovets

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate responses to questions; however, their effectiveness is often hindered by sub-optimal quality of answers and occasional failures to provide accurate responses to questions. To address these challenges,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-06 Liang Zhang , Katherine Jijo , Spurthi Setty , Eden Chung , Fatima Javid , Natan Vidra , Tommy Clifford

The order of training samples plays a crucial role in large language models (LLMs), significantly impacting both their external performance and internal learning dynamics. Traditional methods for investigating this effect generally require…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-29 Hao Yang , Haoxuan Li , Mengyue Yang , Xu Chen , Mingming Gong

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown rapid improvements in reasoning capabilities, driven largely by reinforcement learning (RL) with verifiable rewards. Here, we ask whether these LLMs can self-improve without the need for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Yufan Zhuang , Chandan Singh , Liyuan Liu , Yelong Shen , Dinghuai Zhang , Jingbo Shang , Jianfeng Gao , Weizhu Chen

Large language models (LLM) have achieved remarkable success in natural language generation but lesser focus has been given to their applicability in decision making tasks such as classification. We show that LLMs like LLaMa can achieve…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-26 Vikas Yadav , Zheng Tang , Vijay Srinivasan

Pre-trained language models (PrLM) have to carefully manage input units when training on a very large text with a vocabulary consisting of millions of words. Previous works have shown that incorporating span-level information over…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-09-16 Rongzhou Bao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao

With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), generating rule-based data for real-world applications has become more accessible. Due to the inherent ambiguity of natural language and the complexity of rule sets, especially in long…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-21 Teng Wang , Zhenqi He , Wing-Yin Yu , Xiaojin Fu , Xiongwei Han

Large language models (LLMs) often suffer from catastrophic forgetting in continual learning: after learning new tasks sequentially, they perform worse on earlier tasks. Existing methods mitigate catastrophic forgetting by data replay,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Yazheng Liu , Yuxuan Wan , Rui Xu , Xi Zhang , Sihong Xie , Hui Xiong

In aligning large language models (LLMs), reward models have played an important role, but are standardly trained as discriminative models and rely only on labeled human preference data. In this paper, we explore methods that train reward…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Chenglong Wang , Yang Gan , Yifu Huo , Yongyu Mu , Qiaozhi He , Murun Yang , Bei Li , Tong Xiao , Chunliang Zhang , Tongran Liu , Jingbo Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capability in solving mathematical problems. However, existing approaches primarily focus on improving the quality of correct training data, e.g., distilling high-quality…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Zhuoshi Pan , Yu Li , Honglin Lin , Qizhi Pei , Zinan Tang , Wei Wu , Chenlin Ming , H. Vicky Zhao , Conghui He , Lijun Wu

As world knowledge advances and new task schemas emerge, Continual Learning (CL) becomes essential for keeping Large Language Models (LLMs) current and addressing their shortcomings. This process typically involves continual instruction…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-17 Haokun Zhao , Haixia Han , Jie Shi , Chengyu Du , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has achieved tremendous success in the field of Natural Language Processing owing to diverse training paradigms that empower LLMs to effectively capture intricate linguistic patterns and…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-07-04 Lemei Zhang , Peng Liu , Yashar Deldjoo , Yong Zheng , Jon Atle Gulla

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) struggle with continual learning, often suffering from catastrophic forgetting when adapting to sequential tasks. We introduce a routing-based architecture that integrates new capabilities while…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Jay Mohta , Kenan Emir Ak , Gwang Lee , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Yan Xu , Mingwei Shen

We explore the ability of large language models (LLMs) to act as speech recognition post-processors that perform rescoring and error correction. Our first focus is on instruction prompting to let LLMs perform these task without fine-tuning,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-29 Chao-Han Huck Yang , Yile Gu , Yi-Chieh Liu , Shalini Ghosh , Ivan Bulyko , Andreas Stolcke

Recommender systems usually rely on large-scale interaction data to learn from users' past behaviors and make accurate predictions. However, real-world applications often face situations where no training data is available, such as when…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Genki Kusano , Kenya Abe , Kunihiro Takeoka