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Widely used language models (LMs) are typically built by scaling up a two-stage training pipeline: a pre-training stage that uses a very large, diverse dataset of text and a fine-tuning (sometimes, 'alignment') stage that uses targeted…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-20 Eric Mitchell , Rafael Rafailov , Archit Sharma , Chelsea Finn , Christopher D. Manning

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various tasks but face deployment challenges due to their massive computational demands. While post-training pruning methods like SparseGPT and Wanda can effectively…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Qiao Xiao , Alan Ansell , Boqian Wu , Lu Yin , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Shiwei Liu , Decebal Constantin Mocanu

The large language model (LLM) is typically integrated into the mainstream optimization protocol. No work has questioned whether maintaining the model integrity is \textit{indispensable} for promising performance. In this work, we introduce…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Mingyuan Zhang , Yue Bai , Huan Wang , Yizhou Wang , Qihua Dong , Yitian Zhang , Yun Fu

Offsite-tuning is a privacy-preserving method for tuning large language models (LLMs) by sharing a lossy compressed emulator from the LLM owners with data owners for downstream task tuning. This approach protects the privacy of both the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-16 Kai Yao , Zhaorui Tan , Tiandi Ye , Lichun Li , Yuan Zhao , Wenyan Liu , Wei Wang , Jianke Zhu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) can lead to unintended out-of-distribution generalization. Standard approaches to this problem rely on modifying training data, for example by adding data that better specify the intended…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Helena Casademunt , Caden Juang , Adam Karvonen , Samuel Marks , Senthooran Rajamanoharan , Neel Nanda

General-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) are frequently fine-tuned through supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to enhance performance in specific domains. Better results can be achieved by distilling the chain-of-thought of a larger model at…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Andrey Goncharov , Daniil Vyazhev , Petr Sychev , Edvard Khalafyan , Alexey Zaytsev

Large language models (LLMs) can acquire new capabilities through fine-tuning, but continual adaptation often leads to catastrophic forgetting. We propose CRAFT, a continual learning framework that avoids updating model weights by instead…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Md Anwar Hossen , Fatema Siddika , Juan Pablo Munoz , Tanya Roosta , Ali Jannesari

The rapid growth of large language models (LLMs) with traditional centralized fine-tuning emerges as a key technique for adapting these models to domain-specific challenges, yielding privacy risks for both model and data owners. One…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Kai Yao , Zhaorui Tan , Penglei Gao , Lichun Li , Kaixin Wu , Yinggui Wang , Yuan Zhao , Yixin Ji , Wei Wang , Jianke Zhu

When using supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to adapt large language models (LLMs) to specific domains, a significant challenge arises: should we use the entire SFT dataset for fine-tuning? Common practice often involves fine-tuning directly on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Xiang Liu , Zhaoxiang Liu , Peng Wang , Kohou Wang , Huan Hu , Kai Wang , Shiguo Lian

Instruction tuning, a specialized technique to enhance large language model (LLM) performance via instruction datasets, relies heavily on the quality of employed data. Existing quality improvement methods alter instruction data through…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-29 Yang Xu , Yongqiang Yao , Yufan Huang , Mengnan Qi , Maoquan Wang , Bin Gu , Neel Sundaresan

Transfer learning is important for foundation models to adapt to downstream tasks. However, many foundation models are proprietary, so users must share their data with model owners to fine-tune the models, which is costly and raise privacy…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-02-10 Guangxuan Xiao , Ji Lin , Song Han

Large language models (LLMs) are often augmented with tools to solve complex tasks. By generating code snippets and executing them through task-specific Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), they can offload certain functions to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-14 Lifan Yuan , Yangyi Chen , Xingyao Wang , Yi R. Fung , Hao Peng , Heng Ji

Recent vision-language pre-trained models (VL-PTMs) have shown remarkable success in open-vocabulary tasks. However, downstream use cases often involve further fine-tuning of VL-PTMs, which may distort their general knowledge and impair…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Lin Zhu , Yifeng Yang , Qinying Gu , Xinbing Wang , Chenghu Zhou , Nanyang Ye

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable abilities in diverse natural language processing (NLP) tasks. The LLMs generally undergo supervised fine-tuning (SFT) followed by preference alignment to be usable in downstream…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-27 Shiva Kumar Pentyala , Zhichao Wang , Bin Bi , Kiran Ramnath , Xiang-Bo Mao , Regunathan Radhakrishnan , Sitaram Asur , Na , Cheng

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is the predominant method for adapting large language models (LLMs), yet it often struggles with generalization compared to reinforcement learning (RL). In this work, we posit that this performance disparity…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Rui Ming , Haoyuan Wu , Shoubo Hu , Zhuolun He , Bei Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in real-world applications. However, adapting LLMs to novel tasks via fine-tuning often requires substantial training data and computational resources that are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Boyan Gao , Xin Wang , Yibo Yang , David Clifton

Post-training has become central to turning pretrained large language models (LLMs) into aligned, capable, and deployable systems. Recent progress spans supervised fine-tuning (SFT), preference optimization, reinforcement learning (RL),…

Prior research shows that large language models (LLMs) exhibit systematic extrapolation bias when forming predictions from both experimental and real-world data, and that prompt-based approaches appear limited in alleviating this bias. We…

综合金融 · 定量金融 2026-05-05 Zhenyu Gao , Wenxi Jiang , Yutong Yan

This paper surveys research works in the quickly advancing field of instruction tuning (IT), which can also be referred to as supervised fine-tuning (SFT)\footnote{In this paper, unless specified otherwise, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Shengyu Zhang , Linfeng Dong , Xiaoya Li , Sen Zhang , Xiaofei Sun , Shuhe Wang , Jiwei Li , Runyi Hu , Tianwei Zhang , Fei Wu , Guoyin Wang

Handling distribution shifts from training data, known as out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization, poses a significant challenge in the field of machine learning. While a pre-trained vision-language model like CLIP has demonstrated…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-04 Bac Nguyen , Stefan Uhlich , Fabien Cardinaux , Lukas Mauch , Marzieh Edraki , Aaron Courville
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