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The composition of the solar corona differs from that of the photosphere, with the plasma thought to fractionate in the solar chromosphere according to the First Ionisation Potential (FIP) of the different elements. This produces a FIP…

The chemical composition of the solar corona is different from that of the solar photosphere, with the strongest variation being observed in active regions (ARs). Using data from the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on…

The chemical composition of solar and stellar atmospheres differs from that of their photospheres. Abundances of elements with low first ionization potential (FIP) are enhanced in the corona relative to high FIP elements with respect to the…

The composition of plasma in the solar corona is characterised by the First Ionisation Potential (FIP) bias, and is thought to be the result of a ponderomotive force acting in the chromosphere to separate ionised from neutral plasma.…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-03-06 Éabha Power , David M. Long , Teodora Mihailescu , Laura A. Hayes

Plasma composition in the solar atmosphere differs between the photosphere and corona, producing an observable difference in elemental abundance known as the FIP effect. The FIP effect is characterised by the ratio of low to high FIP…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-03-06 Kristena D. Spruksta , David M. Long , Andy S. H. To

It is well established that elemental abundances vary in the solar atmosphere and that this variation is organized by first ionization potential (FIP). Previous studies have shown that in the solar corona low-FIP elements, such as Fe, Si,…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-06-22 Harry P. Warren , David H. Brooks , George A. Doschek , Uri Feldman

Solar coronal plasma composition is typically characterized by first ionization potential (FIP) bias. Using spectra obtained by Hinode's EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) instrument, we present a series of large-scale, spatially resolved…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-23 D. Baker , D. H. Brooks , P. Démoulin , S. L. Yardley , L. van Driel-Gesztelyi , D. M. Long , L. M. Green

Within the coronae of stars, abundances of those elements with low first ionization potential (FIP) often differ from their photospheric values. The coronae of the Sun and solar-type stars mostly show enhancements of low- FIP elements (the…

Solar flares exhibit complex variations in elemental abundances compared to photospheric values. We examine the spatial and temporal evolution of coronal abundances in the X8.2 flare on 2017 September 10, aiming to interpret the often…

We analyse the coronal elemental abundances during a small flare using Hinode/EIS observations. Compared to the pre-flare elemental abundances, we observed a strong increase in coronal abundance of Ca XIV 193.84 {\AA}, an emission line with…

Understanding elemental abundance variations in the solar corona provides an insight into how matter and energy flow from the chromosphere into the heliosphere. Observed variations depend on the first ionization potential (FIP) of the main…

Within the coronae of stars, abundances of those elements with low first ionization potential (FIP) often differ from their photospheric values. The coronae of the Sun and solar-type stars mostly show enhancements of low-FIP elements (the…

Plasma composition in the solar corona commonly differs from that of the photosphere, with the enhancement of low--first-ionization-potential (FIP) elements referred to as the FIP effect. This phenomenon provides important diagnostics of…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-03-25 Man-Hei Ng , Xiaoping Zhang , P. F. Chen

Elemental abundances in solar flares are observed to vary both spatially and temporally, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. There is an interplay between advection and the preferential acceleration of low first…

The element abundances in the solar corona and solar wind are often different from those of the solar photosphere, typically with a relative enrichment of elements with low first ionization potential (FIP effect). Here we study the spatial…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-02-22 Paola Testa , Juan Martinez-Sykora , Bart De Pontieu

The solar corona shows a distinctive pattern of elemental abundances that is different from that of the photosphere. Low first ionization potential (FIP) elements are enhanced by factors of several. A similar effect is seen in the…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-08-29 David H. Brooks

Sun-as-a-star coronal plasma composition, derived from full-Sun spectra, and the F10.7 radio flux (2.8 GHz) have been shown to be highly correlated (r = 0.88) during solar cycle 24. However, this correlation becomes nonlinear during…

We examine the different element abundances exhibited by the closed loop solar corona and the slow speed solar wind. Both are subject to the First Ionization Potential (FIP) Effect, the enhancement in coronal abundance of elements with FIP…

The Inverse First Ionization Potential (FIP) Effect, the depletion in coronal abundance of elements like Fe, Mg, and Si that are ionized in the solar chromosphere relative to those that are neutral, has been identified in several solar…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-03-17 J. Martin Laming

Using spectra obtained by the EIS instrument onboard Hinode, we present a detailed spatially resolved abundance map of an active region (AR)-coronal hole (CH) complex that covers an area of 359 arcsec x 485 arcsec. The abundance map…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-17 D. Baker , D. H. Brooks , P. Demoulin , L. van Driel-Gesztelyi , L. M. Green , K. Steed , J. Carlyle
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