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Quantum error correction (QEC) is considered a deciding component in enabling practical quantum computing. Stabilizer codes, and in particular topological surface codes, are promising candidates for implementing QEC by redundantly encoding…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-12-12 Josias Old , Stephan Tasler , Michael J. Hartmann , Markus Müller

Characterizing how quantum error correction circuits behave under realistic hardware noise is essential for testing the premises that enable scalable fault tolerance. Logical error rates conditioned on syndrome outcomes are needed to enable…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-08-12 Matthew Girling , Ben Criger , Cristina Cirstoiu

Given that quantum error correction processes are unreliable, an efficient error syndrome extraction circuit should use fewer ancillary qubits, quantum gates, and measurements, while maintaining low circuit depth, to minimizing the circuit…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-07-14 Pei-Hao Liou , Ching-Yi Lai

Fault-tolerant quantum error correction is essential for implementing quantum algorithms of significant practical importance. In this work, we propose a highly effective use of the surface-GKP code, i.e., the surface code consisting of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-02-01 Kyungjoo Noh , Christopher Chamberland , Fernando G. S. L. Brandão

The surface code is a promising platform for a quantum memory, but its threshold under coherent errors remains incompletely understood. We study maximum-likelihood decoding of the square-lattice surface code in the presence of single-qubit…

统计力学 · 物理学 2026-05-05 Stephen W. Yan , Yimu Bao , Sagar Vijay

Various realizations of Kitaev's surface code perform surprisingly well for biased Pauli noise. Attracted by these potential gains, we study the performance of Clifford-deformed surface codes (CDSCs) obtained from the surface code by…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-03-21 Arpit Dua , Aleksander Kubica , Liang Jiang , Steven T. Flammia , Michael J. Gullans

Fault-tolerant quantum computing is crucial for realizing large-scale quantum computation, and the interplay between hardware architecture and quantum error-correcting codes is a key consideration. We present a comparative study of two…

The compass model on a square lattice provides a natural template for building subsystem stabilizer codes. The surface code and the Bacon-Shor code represent two extremes of possible codes depending on how many gauge qubits are fixed. We…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-06-05 Muyuan Li , Daniel Miller , Michael Newman , Yukai Wu , Kenneth R. Brown

The surface code is currently the leading proposal to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computation. Among its strengths are the plethora of known ways in which fault-tolerant Clifford operations can be performed, namely, by deforming the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-05-26 Benjamin J. Brown , Katharina Laubscher , Markus S. Kesselring , James R. Wootton

A central goal in quantum error correction is to reduce the overhead of fault-tolerant quantum computing by increasing noise thresholds and reducing the number of physical qubits required to sustain a logical qubit. We introduce a potential…

Quantum computation holds the promise of solving certain complex problems exponentially faster than classical computers. However, the high prevalent noise in current quantum devices impedes the accurate execution of even basic algorithms.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-13 Prithviraj Prabhu

We present and benchmark an interesting circuit family which we call diamond circuits, that use a mid-cycle construction built around the subsystem surface code to implement a surface code on a Lieb or "Heavy-Square" lattice. This makes…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-02-17 Dripto M. Debroy

Efficient and realistic error decoding is crucial for fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) on near-term devices. While decoding is a classical post-processing task, its effectiveness depends on accurately modeling quantum noise, which…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-10 Yi Tian , Y. Zheng , Xiaoting Wang , Ching-Yi Lai

We numerically study coherent errors in surface codes on planar graphs, focusing on noise of the form of $Z$- or $X$-rotations of individual qubits. We find that, similarly to the case of incoherent bit- and phase-flips, a trade-off between…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-01-04 F. Venn , B. Béri

We show how a hyperbolic surface code could be used for overhead-efficient quantum storage. We give numerical evidence for a noise threshold of 1.3% for the {4,5}-hyperbolic surface code in a phenomenological noise model (as compared to…

Building error-corrected quantum computers relies crucially on measuring and modeling noise on candidate devices. In particular, optimal error correction requires knowing the noise that occurs in the device as it executes the circuits…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-01-11 Robin Harper , Steven T. Flammia

Quantum Surface codes are a kind of quantum topological stabilizer codes whose stabilizers and qubits are geometrically related. Due to their special structures, surface codes have great potential to lead people to large-scale quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-05-23 Yaping Yuan , Chung-Chin Lu

Surface codes have emerged as promising candidates for quantum information processing. Building on the previous idea to realize the physical qubits of such systems in terms of Majorana bound states supported by topological semiconductor…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2016-02-12 L. A. Landau , S. Plugge , E. Sela , A. Altland , S. M. Albrecht , R. Egger

The realization of quantum error correction protocols whose logical error rates are suppressed far below physical error rates relies on an intricate combination: the error-correcting code's efficiency, the syndrome extraction circuit's…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-06 Andrey Boris Khesin , Jonathan Z. Lu

In Ref. [1], Bravyi et al. found examples of Bivariate Bicycle (BB) codes with similar logical performance to the surface code but with an improved encoding rate. In this work, we generalize a novel parity-check circuit design principle…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-03-27 Mackenzie H. Shaw , Barbara M. Terhal