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There are situations in which an agent should receive rewards only after having accomplished a series of previous tasks, that is, rewards are non-Markovian. One natural and quite general way to represent history-dependent rewards is via a…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2020-10-01 Gavin Rens , Jean-François Raskin , Raphaël Reynouad , Giuseppe Marra

Learning-from-demonstrations is an emerging paradigm to obtain effective robot control policies for complex tasks via reinforcement learning without the need to explicitly design reward functions. However, it is susceptible to imperfections…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2021-02-16 Aniruddh G. Puranic , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Stefanos Nikolaidis

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a technique to learn the control policy for an agent that interacts with a stochastic environment. In any given state, the agent takes some action, and the environment determines the probability distribution…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-30 Gaurav Gupta , Chenzhong Yin , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Paul Bogdan

We study multi-task reinforcement learning (RL) in tabular episodic Markov decision processes (MDPs). We formulate a heterogeneous multi-player RL problem, in which a group of players concurrently face similar but not necessarily identical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-01-19 Chicheng Zhang , Zhi Wang

Techniques based on Reinforcement Learning (RL) are increasingly being used to design control policies for robotic systems. RL fundamentally relies on state-based reward functions to encode desired behavior of the robot and bad reward…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2020-11-11 Parv Kapoor , Anand Balakrishnan , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh

Many practical decision-making problems involve tasks whose success depends on the entire system history, rather than on achieving a state with desired properties. Markovian Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches are not suitable for such…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-17 Alessandro Trapasso , Luca Iocchi , Fabio Patrizi

As a paradigm for sequential decision making in unknown environments, reinforcement learning (RL) has received a flurry of attention in recent years. However, the explosion of model complexity in emerging applications and the presence of…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-07-22 Yuejie Chi , Yuxin Chen , Yuting Wei

Reward engineering is an important aspect of reinforcement learning. Whether or not the user's intentions can be correctly encapsulated in the reward function can significantly impact the learning outcome. Current methods rely on manually…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2017-09-28 Xiao Li , Yao Ma , Calin Belta

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in environments with complex, history-dependent reward structures poses significant challenges for traditional methods. In this work, we introduce a novel approach that leverages automaton-based feedback to guide…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-20 Mahyar Alinejad , Alvaro Velasquez , Yue Wang , George Atia

A central object of study in Reinforcement Learning (RL) is the Markovian policy, in which an agent's actions are chosen from a memoryless probability distribution, conditioned only on its current state. The family of Markovian policies is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-05-30 Romain Laroche , Remi Tachet des Combes , Jacob Buckman

We study multi-task reinforcement learning (RL), a setting in which an agent learns a single, universal policy capable of generalising to arbitrary, possibly unseen tasks. We consider tasks specified as linear temporal logic (LTL) formulae,…

Many Reinforcement Learning algorithms assume a Markov reward function to guarantee optimality. However, not all reward functions are Markov. This paper proposes a framework for mapping non-Markov reward functions into equivalent Markov…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-19 Gregory Hyde , Eugene Santos

Most algorithms in reinforcement learning (RL) require that the objective is formalised with a Markovian reward function. However, it is well-known that certain tasks cannot be expressed by means of an objective in the Markov rewards…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-20 Rohan Subramani , Marcus Williams , Max Heitmann , Halfdan Holm , Charlie Griffin , Joar Skalse

Non-markovian Reinforcement Learning (RL) tasks are very hard to solve, because agents must consider the entire history of state-action pairs to act rationally in the environment. Most works use symbolic formalisms (as Linear Temporal Logic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-19 Elena Umili , Francesco Argenziano , Roberto Capobianco

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been widely used for packet routing in communication networks, but traditional RL methods rely on the Markov assumption that the current state contains all necessary information for decision-making. In…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-01 Molly Wang , Kin. K Leung

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has become a key factor in aligning model behavior with users' goals. However, while humans integrate multiple strategies when making decisions, current RLHF approaches often simplify this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-19 Mingkang Wu , Devin White , Evelyn Rose , Vernon Lawhern , Nicholas R Waytowich , Yongcan Cao

Reward specification plays a central role in reinforcement learning (RL), guiding the agent's behavior. To express non-Markovian rewards, formalisms such as reward machines have been introduced to capture dependencies on histories. However,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Rajarshi Roy , Anirban Majumdar , Ritam Raha , David Parker , Marta Kwiatkowska

Reinforcement Learning (RL) empowers agents to acquire various skills by learning from reward signals. Unfortunately, designing high-quality instance-level rewards often demands significant effort. An emerging alternative, RL with delayed…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Yuting Tang , Xin-Qiang Cai , Jing-Cheng Pang , Qiyu Wu , Yao-Xiang Ding , Masashi Sugiyama

In safe Reinforcement Learning (RL), safety cost is typically defined as a function dependent on the immediate state and actions. In practice, safety constraints can often be non-Markovian due to the insufficient fidelity of state…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-07 Siow Meng Low , Akshat Kumar

Markov decision processes (MDPs) are used to model a wide variety of applications ranging from game playing over robotics to finance. Their optimal policy typically maximizes the expected sum of rewards given at each step of the decision…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Maximilian Nägele , Jan Olle , Thomas Fösel , Remmy Zen , Florian Marquardt