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This paper develops a multi-port S-parameter framework for the analysis and optimization of stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) with unilateral active interconnections. By modeling each unit cell as a non-reciprocal two-port network,…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-05-08 Andrea Abrardo , Giulio Bartoli , Alberto Toccafondi , Marco Di Renzo

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) represent a key enabler for next-generation wireless networks, offering beamforming gains while significantly reducing radio-frequency chain requirements. In conventional space-only SIM architectures,…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-04-29 Donatella Darsena , Ivan Iudice , Vincenzo Galdi , Francesco Verde

This paper introduces a novel approach for real-time onboard terrain classification from Sentinel-1 (S1) level-0 raw In-phase/Quadrature (IQ) data, leveraging a Stacked Intelligent Metasurface (SIM) to perform inference directly in the…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-03-19 Mengbing Liu , Xin Li , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) have recently emerged as a key enabler for realizing electromagnetic wave-domain signal processing in next-generation wireless networks. However, practical SIM implementations often suffer from…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-03-10 Xing Jia , Hao Liu , Haoxian Niu , Jinbao Li , Xiangyu Ding , Lu Gan

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) have recently gained attention as a paradigm for wave-domain signal processing with reduced reliance on costly radio-frequency (RF) chains. However, conventional SIMs rely on uniform inter-layer…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2025-10-29 Hong Niu , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen

The stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM), comprising multiple layers of reconfigurable transmissive metasurfaces, is becoming an increasingly viable solution for future wireless communication systems. In this paper, we explore the…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2025-04-23 Enyu Shi , Jiayi Zhang , Jiancheng An , Marco Di Renzo , Bo Ai , Chau Yuen

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) enable programmable control of wireless propagation. Beyond environmental deployments, integrating metasurfaces at the antenna front end allows direct manipulation of the radiated electromagnetic…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-03-09 Chandan Kumar Sheemar , Wali Ullah Khan , Sourabh Solanki , George C. Alexandropoulos , Symeon Chatzinotas

Leveraging the multilayer realization of programmable metasurfaces, stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) enable fine-grained wave-domain control. However, their wideband deployment is impeded by two structural factors: (i) a single,…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-03-16 Zheao Li , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) is a revolutionary technology, which can outperform its single-layer counterparts by performing advanced signal processing relying on wave propagation. In this work, we exploit SIM to enable transmit…

Intelligent metasurfaces have demonstrated great promise in revolutionizing wireless communications. One notable example is the two-dimensional (2D) programmable metasurface, which is also known as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2025-05-19 Jiancheng An , Mérouane Debbah , Tie Jun Cui , Zhi Ning Chen , Chau Yuen

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) represent transformative technologies for next-generation wireless communications, offering advanced control over electromagnetic wave propagation. While RIS have been extensively studied, Stacked…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-06-12 Andrea Abrardo , Giulio Bartoli , Alberto Toccafondi

To further suppress the inherent self-interference (SI) in co-frequency and co-time full-duplex (CCFD) systems, we propose integrating a stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) into the RF front-end to enhance signal processing in the wave…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-11-03 Yida Zhang , Qiuyan Liu , Yuqi Xia , Guoxu Xia , Qiang Wang

We present a physically consistent multiport framework for stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) with linear and explicit nonlinear terminations. The model provides closed-form input--output relations in the linear case and fixed-point…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-05-25 Andrea Abrardo , Alberto Toccafondi

This work develops a physically consistent model for stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) using multiport network theory and transfer scattering parameters (T-parameters). Unlike the scattering parameters (S-parameters) model, the…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-04-11 Hamad Yahya , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx , Merouane Debbah

The integration of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) into future wireless communication systems offers promising capabilities in dynamic environment shaping and spectrum efficiency. In this work, we present a consistent…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-05-26 Ivan Iudice , Giacinto Gelli , Donatella Darsena

Cascaded or stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) have emerged as a promising technology to overcome the physical limitations of single-layer reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) in wideband wireless communication. By intelligently…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Muhammad Ibrahim , Amine Mezghani , Ekram Hossain

The direction of arrival (DOA) estimation problem is addressed in this letter. A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) aided system for the DOA estimation is proposed. Unlike traditional DOA estimation systems, a low-cost system with…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-03-22 Peng Chen , Zihan Yang , Zhimin Chen , Ziyu Guo

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems have gained increasing attention as a crucial supplement to terrestrial wireless networks due to their extensive coverage area. This letter presents a novel system design for LEO…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2024-03-12 Shining Lin , Jiancheng An , Lu Gan , Mérouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) extends the concept of single-layer reconfigurable holographic surfaces (RHS) by incorporating a multi-layered structure, thereby providing enhanced control over electromagnetic wave propagation and…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-07-24 Junjie Fang , Chao Zhang , Jiancheng An , Hongwen Yu , Qingqing Wu , Mérouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

In this paper, we explore the integration of low-power, low-cost stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) into cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems to enhance access point (AP) capabilities and address high…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2024-09-20 Enyu Shi , Jiayi Zhang , Yiyang Zhu , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen , Bo Ai