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The current methods to determine the primary energy of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are different when dealing with hadron or photon primaries. The current experiments combine two different techniques, an array of surface…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2015-04-17 G. Ros , G. A. Medina-Tanco , A. D. Supanitsky , L. del Peral , M. D. Rodríguez-Frías

The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory in central Mexico is currently the world's only synoptic survey instrument for gamma rays above 1 TeV. Because there is significant interest in covering the full TeV sky with a survey…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2019-08-13 Michael DuVernois

The Cosmic Multiperspective Event Tracker (CoMET) R&D project aims to optimize the techniques for the detection of soft-spectrum sources through very-high-energy gamma-ray observations using particle detectors (called ALTO detectors), and…

Ground based gamma-ray observations with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) play a significant role in the discovery of very high energy (E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emitters. The analysis of IACT data demands a highly efficient…

The stereoscopic reconstruction of air showers viewed by multiple imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) allows a more precise reconstruction of shower energies and hence an improved determination of energy spectra. Reconstruction…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 W. Hofmann

The observation of cosmic gamma-rays from the ground is based upon the detection of gamma-ray initiated air showers. At energies between approximately $10^{11}$ eV and $10^{13}$ eV, the imaging air Cherenkov technique is a particularly…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2016-06-22 D. Horns

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a wide field-of-view detector sensitive to gamma rays of 100 GeV to a few hundred TeV. Located in central Mexico at 19 degrees North latitude and 4100 m above sea level, HAWC will…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2014-12-17 A. U. Abeysekara , R. Alfaro , C. Alvarez , J. D. Alvarez , R. Arceo , J. C. Arteaga-Velazquez , H. A. Ayala Solares , A. S. Barber , B. M. Baughman , N. Bautista-Elivar , J. Becerra Gonzalez , E. Belmont , S. Y. BenZvi , D. Berley , M. Bonilla Rosales , J. Braun , R. A. Caballero-Lopez , K. S. Caballero-Mora , A. Carraminana , M. Castillo , U. Cotti , J. Cotzomi , E. de la Fuente , C. De Leon , T. DeYoung , R. Diaz Hernandez , L. Diaz-Cruz , J. C. Diaz-Velez , B. L. Dingus , M. A. DuVernois , R. W. Ellsworth , S. F. E. , D. W. Fiorino , N. Fraija , A. Galindo , F. Garfias , M. M. Gonzalez , J. A. Goodman , V. Grabski , M. Gussert , Z. Hampel-Arias , J. P. Harding , C. M. Hui , P. Huentemeyer , A. Imran , A. Iriarte , P. Karn , D. Kieda , G. J. Kunde , A. Lara , R. J. Lauer , W. H. Lee , D. Lennarz , H. Leon Vargas , E. C. Linares , J. T. Linnemann , M. Longo , R. Luna-Garcia , A. Marinelli , H. Martinez , O. Martinez , J. Martinez-Castro , J. A. J. Matthews , J. McEnery , E. Mendoza Torres , P. Miranda-Romagnoli , E. Moreno , M. Mostafa , L. Nellen , M. Newbold , R. Noriega-Papaqui , T. Oceguera-Becerra , B. Patricelli , R. Pelayo , E. G. Perez-Perez , J. Pretz , C. Riviere , D. Rosa-Gonzalez , J. Ryan , H. Salazar , F. Salesa , A. Sandoval , M. Schneider , S. Silich , G. Sinnis , A. J. Smith , K. Sparks Woodle , R. W. Springer , I. Taboada , P. A. Toale , K. Tollefson , I. Torres , T. N. Ukwatta , L. Villasenor , T. Weisgarber , S. Westerhoff , I. G. Wisher , J. Wood , G. B. Yodh , P. W. Younk , D. Zaborov , A. Zepeda , H. Zhou , K. N. Abazajian

Very high energy cosmic rays are typically studied by measuring extensive air showers formed by secondary particles produced in collisions with air nuclei. The indirect character of the measurement makes the physics interpretation of cosmic…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2014-11-17 Ralph Engel

The origin and nature of the highest energy cosmic ray events is currently the subject of intense investigation by giant air shower arrays and fluorescent detectors. These particles reach energies well beyond what can be achieved in…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-10 H. Falcke , P. Gorham , R. J. Protheroe

Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy is a powerful tool to study cosmic-ray physics, providing a diagnostic of the high-energy processes at work in the most extreme astrophysical accelerators of the universe. Ground-based gamma-ray detectors…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2023-07-07 Ulisses Barres de Almeida , Martin Tluczykont

Nowadays the implementation of artificial neural networks in high-energy physics has obtained excellent results on improving signal detection. In this work we propose to use neural networks (NNs) for event discrimination in HAWC. This…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2021-08-02 J. R. Angeles Camacho , H. León Vargas

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov Gamma-Ray Observatory (HAWC) continuously detects TeV photons and particles within its large field-of-view, accumulating every day a deeper exposure of two thirds of the sky. We analyzed 1523~days of HAWC…

The extremely low flux of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) makes their direct observation by orbital experiments practically impossible. For this reason all current and planned UHECR experiments detect cosmic rays indirectly by…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2020-09-15 D. Ivanov , O. E. Kalashev , M. Yu. Kuznetsov , G. I. Rubtsov , T. Sako , Y. Tsunesada , Y. V. Zhezher

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory is a ground-based TeV gamma-ray observatory in the state of Puebla, Mexico at an altitude of 4100 m. Its 22,000 m$^2$ instrumented area, wide field of view ($\sim$2 sr), and >95% uptime…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2019-08-13 Joshua Wood

For air showers observed simultaneously by more than two imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, the shower geometry is overconstrained by the images and image information should be combined taking into account the quality of the images.…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2011-05-23 W. Hofmann , I. Jung , A. Konopelko , H. Krawczynski , H. Lampeitl , G. Puehlhofer

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory continuously observes gamma-rays between 100 GeV to 100 TeV in an instantaneous field of view of about 2 steradians above the array. The large amount of raw data, the importance of small…

The IceTop array at the surface of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory measures extensive air showers produced by cosmic-ray particles with energies from PeV up to EeV, covering the transition region from galactic to extragalactic sources.…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-07-14 Lilly Pyras , Larissa Paul , Katherine Rawlins , Ian Reistroffer , Amar Thakuri

Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) detect gamma rays by measuring the Cherenkov light emitted by secondary particles in the air shower when the gamma rays hit the atmosphere. At low energies, the limited amount of Cherenkov…

Observations of cosmic rays have been improving at all energies, with higher statistics and reduced systematics. Fundamental questions remain regarding the origins of cosmic rays both within the Galaxy and in extragalactic sources, and new…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2010-10-20 Paul Sommers

Ground-based Imaging Cherenkov Telescope Arrays observe the Cherenkov radiation emitted in extended atmospheric showers generated by cosmic gamma rays in the TeV regime. The rate of these events is normally overwhelmed by 2-3 orders of…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2017-04-05 Michele Doro