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Large language models (LLMs) have achieved near-human performance across diverse reasoning tasks, yet their deployment on resource-constrained Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices remains impractical due to massive parameter footprints and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-07 Mingyu Sung , Vikas Palakonda , Suhwan Im , Sunghwan Moon , Il-Min Kim , Sangseok Yun , Jae-Mo Kang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have accelerated progress toward artificial general intelligence, with inference-time scaling emerging as a key technique. Contemporary approaches leverage either sequential reasoning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-10 Zenan Xu , Zexuan Qiu , Guanhua Huang , Kun Li , Siheng Li , Chenchen Zhang , Kejiao Li , Qi Yi , Yuhao Jiang , Bo Zhou , Fengzong Lian , Zhanhui Kang

We develop a novel approach for confidently accelerating inference in the large and expensive multilayer Transformers that are now ubiquitous in natural language processing (NLP). Amortized or approximate computational methods increase…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-09-10 Tal Schuster , Adam Fisch , Tommi Jaakkola , Regina Barzilay

As a simple technique to accelerate inference of large-scale pre-trained models, early exiting has gained much attention in the NLP community. It allows samples to exit early at internal classifiers without passing through the entire model.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-05-31 Tianxiang Sun , Yunhua Zhou , Xiangyang Liu , Xinyu Zhang , Hao Jiang , Zhao Cao , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Deep neural networks have become larger over the years with increasing demand of computational resources for inference; incurring exacerbate costs and leaving little room for deployment on devices with limited battery and other resources…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-28 Aaqib Saeed

This paper proposes a structure-aware decoding method based on large language models to address the difficulty of traditional approaches in maintaining both semantic integrity and structural consistency in nested and overlapping entity…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-29 Zhimin Qiu , Di Wu , Feng Liu , Yuxiao Wang

The autoregressive nature of conventional large language models (LLMs) inherently limits inference speed, as tokens are generated sequentially. While speculative and parallel decoding techniques attempt to mitigate this, they face…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Aishwarya P S , Pranav Ajit Nair , Yashas Samaga , Toby Boyd , Sanjiv Kumar , Prateek Jain , Praneeth Netrapalli

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance on complex reasoning tasks using techniques such as chain-of-thought and self-consistency. However, ensemble-based approaches, especially self-consistency which relies on…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Qinglin Zeng , Jing Yang , Keze Wang

Autoregressive decoding in language models is inherently slow, generating only one token per forward pass. We propose Parallel Token Prediction (PTP), a general-purpose framework for predicting multiple tokens in a single model call. PTP…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Felix Draxler , Justus Will , Farrin Marouf Sofian , Theofanis Karaletsos , Sameer Singh , Stephan Mandt

Autoregressive decoding is the only part of sequence-to-sequence models that prevents them from massive parallelization at inference time. Non-autoregressive models enable the decoder to generate all output symbols independently in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-11-13 Jindřich Libovický , Jindřich Helcl

Autoregressive decoding in large language models (LLMs) requires $\mathcal{O}(n)$ sequential steps for $n$ tokens, fundamentally limiting inference throughput. Recent diffusion-based LLMs (dLLMs) enable parallel token generation through…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Wenrui Bao , Zhiben Chen , Dan Xu , Yuzhang Shang

Diffusion language models offer parallel token generation and inherent bidirectionality, promising more efficient and powerful sequence modeling compared to autoregressive approaches. However, state-of-the-art diffusion models (e.g., Dream…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Zhanqiu Hu , Jian Meng , Yash Akhauri , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah , Jae-sun Seo , Zhiru Zhang , Udit Gupta

Autoregressive (AR) language models generate text one token at a time, which limits their inference speed. Diffusion-based language models offer a promising alternative, as they can decode multiple tokens in parallel. However, we identify a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Yeongbin Seo , Dongha Lee , Jaehyung Kim , Jinyoung Yeo

Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) achieve state-of-the-art generation quality but require long sequential denoising trajectories, leading to high inference latency. Recent speculative inference methods enable lossless parallel sampling in…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-26 Xinwan Wen , Bowen Li , Jiajun Luo , Ye Li , Zhi Wang

Deep Ensembles are a simple, reliable, and effective method of improving both the predictive performance and uncertainty estimates of deep learning approaches. However, they are widely criticised as being computationally expensive, due to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-10 Guoxuan Xia , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

Early-exit neural networks have become popular for reducing inference latency by allowing intermediate predictions when sufficient confidence is achieved. However, standard approaches typically rely on single-model confidence thresholds,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Matteo Gambella , Fabrizio Pittorino , Giuliano Casale , Manuel Roveri

The challenge of delivering efficient explanations is a critical barrier that prevents the adoption of model explanations in real-world applications. Existing approaches often depend on extensive model queries for sample-level explanations…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Deng Pan , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh Chawla

Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) enables collaboratively model training on decentralized, heterogeneous data while tailoring them to each client's unique distribution. However, existing PFL methods produce static models with a fixed…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-16 Boyi Liu , Zimu Zhou , Yongxin Tong

Reliable evaluation of large language models is essential to ensure their applicability in practical scenarios. Traditional benchmark-based evaluation methods often rely on fixed reference answers, limiting their ability to capture…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Sujeong Lee , Hayoung Lee , Seongsoo Heo , Wonik Choi

Large-scale pre-trained language models such as BERT have brought significant improvements to NLP applications. However, they are also notorious for being slow in inference, which makes them difficult to deploy in real-time applications. We…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-04-28 Ji Xin , Raphael Tang , Jaejun Lee , Yaoliang Yu , Jimmy Lin