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Deep neural networks have significantly improved performance on a range of tasks with the increasing demand for computational resources, leaving deployment on low-resource devices (with limited memory and battery power) infeasible. Binary…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-22 Aaqib Saeed

The recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have been extraordinary, yet the escalating inference costs associated with them present challenges in real-world applications. To address these challenges, we propose a novel approach…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-07 Jiahao Liu , Qifan Wang , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai

Autoregressive Language Models instantiate a factorized likelihood over token sequences, yet their strictly sequential decoding process imposes an intrinsic lower bound on inference latency. This bottleneck has emerged as a central obstacle…

Recently, Transformer-based encoder-decoder models have demonstrated strong performance in multilingual speech recognition. However, the decoder's autoregressive nature and large size introduce significant bottlenecks during inference.…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-08-28 Yunkyu Lim , Jihwan Park , Hyung Yong Kim , Hanbin Lee , Byeong-Yeol Kim

We present Entropy Adaptive Decoding (EAD), a novel approach for efficient language model inference that dynamically switches between different-sized models based on prediction uncertainty. By monitoring rolling entropy in model logit…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-12 Toby Simonds

Ensuring the safety and efficiency of AI systems is a central goal of modern research. Formal verification provides guarantees of neural network robustness, while early exits improve inference efficiency by enabling intermediate…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-25 Yizhak Yisrael Elboher , Avraham Raviv , Amihay Elboher , Zhouxing Shi , Omri Azencot , Hillel Kugler , Guy Katz

Autoregressive sequence models based on deep neural networks, such as RNNs, Wavenet and the Transformer attain state-of-the-art results on many tasks. However, they are difficult to parallelize and are thus slow at processing long…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-06-11 Łukasz Kaiser , Aurko Roy , Ashish Vaswani , Niki Parmar , Samy Bengio , Jakob Uszkoreit , Noam Shazeer

Early exiting is an effective paradigm for improving the inference efficiency of pre-trained language models (PLMs) by dynamically adjusting the number of executed layers for each sample. However, in most existing works, easy and hard…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-19 Jianing He , Qi Zhang , Hongyun Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Usman Naseem , Duoqian Miao

We present LayerSkip, an end-to-end solution to speed-up inference of large language models (LLMs). First, during training we apply layer dropout, with low dropout rates for earlier layers and higher dropout rates for later layers, and an…

To mitigate the high inference latency stemming from autoregressive decoding in Large Language Models (LLMs), Speculative Decoding has emerged as a novel decoding paradigm for LLM inference. In each decoding step, this method first drafts…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-05 Heming Xia , Zhe Yang , Qingxiu Dong , Peiyi Wang , Yongqi Li , Tao Ge , Tianyu Liu , Wenjie Li , Zhifang Sui

Early-exit neural networks (EENNs) accelerate inference by allowing intermediate classifiers to stop computation once predictions are confident enough. Most methods rely on confidence thresholds for exiting, and consequently, improving…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Piotr Kubaty , Filip Szatkowski , Grzegorz Choczyński , Eric Nalisnick , Bartosz Wójcik

Speculative Decoding (SD) is a widely used approach to accelerate the inference of large language models (LLMs) without reducing generation quality. It operates by first using a compact model to draft multiple tokens efficiently, followed…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-08 Hossein Entezari Zarch , Lei Gao , Chaoyi Jiang , Murali Annavaram

Early exiting has demonstrated its effectiveness in accelerating the inference of pre-trained language models like BERT by dynamically adjusting the number of layers executed. However, most existing early exiting methods only consider local…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-30 Jianing He , Qi Zhang , Weiping Ding , Duoqian Miao , Jun Zhao , Liang Hu , Longbing Cao

Speculative decoding has demonstrated its effectiveness in accelerating the inference of large language models while maintaining a consistent sampling distribution. However, the conventional approach of training a separate draft model to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-30 Fangcheng Liu , Yehui Tang , Zhenhua Liu , Yunsheng Ni , Kai Han , Yunhe Wang

The increasing scale and complexity of large language models (LLMs) pose significant inference latency challenges, primarily due to their autoregressive decoding paradigm characterized by the sequential nature of next-token prediction. By…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-15 Keyu Chen , Zhifeng Shen , Daohai Yu , Haoqian Wu , Wei Wen , Jianfeng He , Ruizhi Qiao , Xing Sun

Foundation models, including language models, e.g., GPT, and vision models, e.g., CLIP, have significantly advanced numerous biomedical tasks. Despite these advancements, the high inference latency and the "overthinking" issues in model…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 Zaifu Zhan , Shuang Zhou , Huixue Zhou , Zirui Liu , Rui Zhang

Deep autoregressive sequence-to-sequence models have demonstrated impressive performance across a wide variety of tasks in recent years. While common architecture classes such as recurrent, convolutional, and self-attention networks make…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-11-09 Mitchell Stern , Noam Shazeer , Jakob Uszkoreit

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on transformers achieve cutting-edge results on a variety of applications. However, their enormous size and processing requirements hinder deployment on constrained resources. To enhance efficiency,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Wazib Ansar , Saptarsi Goswami , Amlan Chakrabarti

The ability to dynamically adjust the computational load of neural models during inference in a resource aware manner is crucial for on-device processing scenarios, characterised by limited and time-varying computational resources.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Maxence Lasbordes , Daniele Falavigna , Alessio Brutti

Autoregressive decoding of large language models (LLMs) is memory bandwidth bounded, resulting in high latency and significant wastes of the parallel processing power of modern accelerators. Existing methods for accelerating LLM decoding…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-06 Yichao Fu , Peter Bailis , Ion Stoica , Hao Zhang