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Current sentence embedding evaluations typically rely on static test beds like the Massive Text Embedding Benchmark (MTEB). While invaluable, repeated tuning on a fixed suite can inflate reported scores and obscure real-world robustness. We…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Manuel Frank , Haithem Afli

Given how large parts of publicly available text are crawled to pretrain large language models (LLMs), data creators increasingly worry about the inclusion of their proprietary data for model training without attribution or licensing. Their…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Saksham Rastogi , Pratyush Maini , Danish Pruthi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have experienced rapid advancements, with applications spanning a wide range of fields, including sentiment classification, review generation, and question answering. Due to their efficiency and versatility,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Yugeng Liu , Tianshuo Cong , Michael Backes , Zheng Li , Yang Zhang

As AI-generated imagery becomes ubiquitous, invisible watermarks have emerged as a primary line of defense for copyright and provenance. The newest watermarking schemes embed semantic signals - content-aware patterns that are designed to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-14 Krti Tallam , John Kevin Cava , Caleb Geniesse , N. Benjamin Erichson , Michael W. Mahoney

Text watermarking for Large Language Models (LLMs) has made significant progress in detecting LLM outputs and preventing misuse. Current watermarking techniques offer high detectability, minimal impact on text quality, and robustness to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-29 Aiwei Liu , Sheng Guan , Yiming Liu , Leyi Pan , Yifei Zhang , Liancheng Fang , Lijie Wen , Philip S. Yu , Xuming Hu

Text watermarks for large language models (LLMs) have been commonly used to identify the origins of machine-generated content, which is promising for assessing liability when combating deepfake or harmful content. While existing…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-30 Tong Zhou , Xuandong Zhao , Xiaolin Xu , Shaolei Ren

A recent and exciting thread of work focuses on developing methods for watermarking the output of large language models (LLMs). We focus on provably undetectable watermarking-that is, schemes that do not alter the output distribution of the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Noam Mazor , Andrew Morgan , Rafael Pass

As large language models become increasingly capable and widely deployed, verifying the provenance of machine-generated content is critical to ensuring trust, safety, and accountability. Watermarking techniques have emerged as a promising…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Yihan Wu , Ruibo Chen , Georgios Milis , Heng Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly employ alignment techniques to prevent harmful outputs. Despite these safeguards, attackers can circumvent them by crafting adversarial prompts. Predominant token-level optimization methods…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Jiawei Lian , Jianhong Pan , Lefan Wang , Yi Wang , Tairan Huang , Shaohui Mei , Lap-Pui Chau

Watermarking is a commonly used strategy to protect creators' rights to digital images, videos and audio. Recently, watermarking methods have been extended to deep learning models -- in principle, the watermark should be preserved when an…

Large language models (LLMs) are pre-trained and post-trained on vast amounts of loosely curated data, raising the possibility that these models may have been trained on proprietary datasets or the same benchmarks used for evaluation. This…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Pengrun Huang , Kamalika Chaudhuri , Yu-Xiang Wang

Content-independent watermarks and block-wise independency can be considered as vulnerabilities in semi-fragile watermarking methods. In this paper to achieve the objectives of semi-fragile watermarking techniques, a method is proposed to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-06-29 Samira Hosseini , Mojtaba Mahdavi

Watermarking has emerged as a crucial method to distinguish AI-generated text from human-created text. Current watermarking approaches often lack formal optimality guarantees or address the scheme and detector design separately. In this…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Haiyun He , Yepeng Liu , Ziqiao Wang , Yongyi Mao , Yuheng Bu

Text watermarking plays a crucial role in ensuring the traceability and accountability of large language model (LLM) outputs and mitigating misuse. While promising, most existing methods assume perfect pseudorandomness. In practice,…

统计理论 · 数学 2026-01-21 T. Tony Cai , Xiang Li , Qi Long , Weijie J. Su , Garrett G. Wen

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) has created an urgent need for robust tools to detect LLM-generated text, especially in light of \textit{paraphrasing} techniques that often evade existing detection methods. To…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-21 Weiqing He , Bojian Hou , Tianqi Shang , Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh , Qi Long , Li Shen

Natural language processing models are vulnerable to adversarial examples. Previous textual adversarial attacks adopt gradients or confidence scores to calculate word importance ranking and generate adversarial examples. However, this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-11 Hai Zhu , Zhaoqing Yang , Weiwei Shang , Yuren Wu

The widespread deployment of high-fidelity generative models has intensified the need for reliable mechanisms for provenance and content authentication. In-processing watermarking, embedding a signature into the generative model's synthesis…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Anirudh Nakra , Min Wu

With the boom of Large Language Models (LLMs), the research of solving Math Word Problem (MWP) has recently made great progress. However, there are few studies to examine the security of LLMs in math solving ability. Instead of attacking…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-06 Zihao Zhou , Qiufeng Wang , Mingyu Jin , Jie Yao , Jianan Ye , Wei Liu , Wei Wang , Xiaowei Huang , Kaizhu Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing, demonstrating impressive capabilities across diverse tasks. However, deploying these models introduces critical risks related to intellectual property violations and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-24 Kieu Dang , Phung Lai , NhatHai Phan , Yelong Shen , Ruoming Jin , Abdallah Khreishah , My T. Thai

Latent-based watermarks, integrated into the generation process of latent diffusion models (LDMs), simplify detection and attribution of generated images. However, recent black-box forgery attacks, where an attacker needs at least one…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-29 Xin Zhang , Zijin Yang , Kejiang Chen , Linfeng Ma , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu