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Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a promising framework for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, existing approaches such as GRPO often suffer from zero gradients. This…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-09 Shihui Yang , Chengfeng Dou , Peidong Guo , Kai Lu , Qiang Ju , Fei Deng , Rihui Xin

Offline Safe Reinforcement Learning (RL) seeks to address safety constraints by learning from static datasets and restricting exploration. However, these approaches heavily rely on the dataset and struggle to generalize to unseen scenarios…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Chenyang Cao , Yucheng Xin , Silang Wu , Longxiang He , Zichen Yan , Junbo Tan , Xueqian Wang

In recent years, significant progress has been made in multi-objective reinforcement learning (RL) research, which aims to balance multiple objectives by incorporating preferences for each objective. In most existing studies, specific…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-17 Qian Lin , Zongkai Liu , Danying Mo , Chao Yu

Reinforcement learning (RL)-based adaptive cruise control systems (ACC) that learn and adapt to road, traffic and vehicle conditions are attractive for enhancing vehicle energy efficiency and traffic flow. However, the application of RL in…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-01-04 Habtamu Hailemichael , Beshah Ayalew , Lindsey Kerbel , Andrej Ivanco , Keith Loiselle

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a cornerstone for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs), with Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) serving as the de facto standard algorithm. Despite its ubiquity, we argue that the core ratio…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Penghui Qi , Xiangxin Zhou , Zichen Liu , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Min Lin , Wee Sun Lee

Differentiable reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks like DiffRO offer a powerful approach for controllable text-to-speech (TTS), but are vulnerable to reward hacking, particularly for nuanced tasks like emotion control. The policy model…

声音 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Cong Wang , Changfeng Gao , Yang Xiang , Zhihao Du , Keyu An , Han Zhao , Qian Chen , Xiangang Li , Yingming Gao , Ya Li

Off-policy updates are inevitable in reinforcement learning (RL) for large language models (LLMs) due to rollout staleness from asynchronous training and mismatches between training and inference engines. Naive importance sampling gives an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Guobin Shen , Chenxiao Zhao , Xiang Cheng , Lei Huang , Xing Yu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in partially observable environments poses significant challenges due to the complexity of learning under uncertainty. While additional information, such as that available in simulations, can enhance training,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Yueheng Li , Guangming Xie , Zongqing Lu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has advanced the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs), enabling autonomous agents that can conduct effective multi-turn and tool-integrated reasoning. While instructions…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Han Zhou , Xingchen Wan , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen

Risk-sensitive reinforcement learning (RL) aims to optimize policies that balance the expected reward and risk. In this paper, we present a novel risk-sensitive RL framework that employs an Iterated Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-05 Yu Chen , Yihan Du , Pihe Hu , Siwei Wang , Desheng Wu , Longbo Huang

Developing reinforcement learning algorithms that satisfy safety constraints is becoming increasingly important in real-world applications. In multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) settings, policy optimisation with safety awareness is…

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising method to solve control problems. However, model-free RL algorithms are sample inefficient and require thousands if not millions of samples to learn optimal control policies. A major source of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-31 Atish Dixit , Ahmed Elsheikh

Deep reinforcement learning algorithms can perform poorly in real-world tasks due to the discrepancy between source and target environments. This discrepancy is commonly viewed as the disturbance in transition dynamics. Many existing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-21 Yufei Kuang , Miao Lu , Jie Wang , Qi Zhou , Bin Li , Houqiang Li

In-context reinforcement learning (ICRL) is an emerging RL paradigm where an agent, after pretraining, can adapt to out-of-distribution test tasks without any parameter updates, instead relying on an expanding context of interaction…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Amir Moeini , Minjae Kwon , Alper Kamil Bozkurt , Yuichi Motai , Rohan Chandra , Lu Feng , Shangtong Zhang

We study risk-sensitive Reinforcement Learning (RL), where we aim to maximize the Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) with a fixed risk tolerance $\tau$. Prior theoretical work studying risk-sensitive RL focuses on the tabular Markov Decision…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-21 Yulai Zhao , Wenhao Zhan , Xiaoyan Hu , Ho-fung Leung , Farzan Farnia , Wen Sun , Jason D. Lee

Safe exploration is a key to applying reinforcement learning (RL) in safety-critical systems. Existing safe exploration methods guaranteed safety under the assumption of regularity, and it has been difficult to apply them to large-scale…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-10 Akifumi Wachi , Yunyue Wei , Yanan Sui

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents in the real world must satisfy safety constraints in addition to maximizing a reward objective. Model-based RL algorithms hold promise for reducing unsafe real-world actions: they may synthesize policies…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-16 Yecheng Jason Ma , Andrew Shen , Osbert Bastani , Dinesh Jayaraman

A popular framework for enforcing safe actions in Reinforcement Learning (RL) is Constrained RL, where trajectory based constraints on expected cost (or other cost measures) are employed to enforce safety and more importantly these…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-09 Huy Hoang , Tien Mai , Pradeep Varakantham

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, it is important to ensure their behaviors align with human values, societal norms, and ethical principles. However, safety alignment under Reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Yifan Niu , Han Xiao , Dongyi Liu , Nuo Chen , Jia Li

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) enable its use on increasingly complex tasks, but the lack of formal safety guarantees still limits its application in safety-critical settings. A common practical approach is to augment the RL…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Donggeon David Oh , Duy P. Nguyen , Haimin Hu , Jaime F. Fisac