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This paper provides empirical concerns about post-hoc explanations of black-box ML models, one of the major trends in AI explainability (XAI), by showing its lack of interpretability and societal consequences. Using a representative…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2021-10-01 Jean-Marie John-Mathews

There have been several research works proposing new Explainable AI (XAI) methods designed to generate model explanations having specific properties, or desiderata, such as fidelity, robustness, or human-interpretability. However,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-01-25 Sérgio Jesus , Catarina Belém , Vladimir Balayan , João Bento , Pedro Saleiro , Pedro Bizarro , João Gama

The growing complexity of machine learning and deep learning models has led to an increased reliance on opaque "black box" systems, making it difficult to understand the rationale behind predictions. This lack of transparency is…

Post hoc explainers such as SHAP and LIME are used widely in business research to interpret complex machine learning models. Although they were designed to explain model predictions, there has been an increasing trend in which the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Tong Wang , Ronilo Ragodos , Lu Feng , Yu , Hu

As machine learning black boxes are increasingly being deployed in domains such as healthcare and criminal justice, there is growing emphasis on building tools and techniques for explaining these black boxes in an interpretable manner. Such…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-02-04 Dylan Slack , Sophie Hilgard , Emily Jia , Sameer Singh , Himabindu Lakkaraju

eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods have emerged to convert the black box of machine learning (ML) models into a more digestible form. These methods help to communicate how the model works with the aim of making ML models more…

Post hoc explanation methods, such as LIME and SHAP, provide interpretable insights into black-box classifiers and are increasingly used to assess model biases and generalizability. However, these methods are vulnerable to adversarial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-18 Sam Chauhan , Estelle Duguet , Karthik Ramakrishnan , Hugh Van Deventer , Jack Kruger , Ranjan Subbaraman

Post-hoc explainability methods are a subset of Machine Learning (ML) that aim to provide a reason for why a model behaves in a certain way. In this paper, we show a new black-box model-agnostic adversarial attack for post-hoc explainable…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-14 Leonardo Pesce , Jiawen Wei , Gianmarco Mengaldo

EXplainable AI has received significant attention in recent years. Machine learning models often operate as black boxes, lacking explainability and transparency while supporting decision-making processes. Local post-hoc explainability…

In the field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), post-hoc interpretability methods aim at explaining to a user the predictions of a trained decision model. Integrating prior knowledge into such interpretability methods aims at…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2022-04-26 Adulam Jeyasothy , Thibault Laugel , Marie-Jeanne Lesot , Christophe Marsala , Marcin Detyniecki

Black-box Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, e.g. deep neural networks, have been widely utilized to build predictive models that can extract complex relationships in a dataset and make predictions for new unseen data records. However,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2020-09-22 Milad Moradi , Matthias Samwald

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has aided machine learning (ML) researchers with the power of scrutinizing the decisions of the black-box models. XAI methods enable looking deep inside the models' behavior, eventually generating…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Maraz Mia , Mir Mehedi A. Pritom

Predictive process analytics focuses on predicting the future states of running instances of a business process. While advanced machine learning techniques have been used to increase accuracy of predictions, the resulting predictive models…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2020-12-09 Mythreyi Velmurugan , Chun Ouyang , Catarina Moreira , Renuka Sindhgatta

Counterfactual post-hoc interpretability approaches have been proven to be useful tools to generate explanations for the predictions of a trained blackbox classifier. However, the assumptions they make about the data and the classifier make…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-06-13 Thibault Laugel , Marie-Jeanne Lesot , Christophe Marsala , Marcin Detyniecki

Predicting default is essential for banks to ensure profitability and financial stability. While modern machine learning methods often outperform traditional regression techniques, their lack of transparency limits their use in regulated…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-16 Sagi Schwartz , Qinling Wang , Fang Fang

We often see the term explainable in the titles of papers that describe applications based on artificial intelligence (AI). However, the literature in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) indicates that explanations in XAI are…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-08-30 Mallika Mainali , Rosina O Weber

The rise of AI methods to make predictions and decisions has led to a pressing need for more explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods. One common approach for XAI is to produce a post-hoc explanation, explaining why a black box ML…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2022-12-01 Jinqiang Yu , Alexey Ignatiev , Peter J. Stuckey , Nina Narodytska , Joao Marques-Silva

Neural networks for NLP are becoming increasingly complex and widespread, and there is a growing concern if these models are responsible to use. Explaining models helps to address the safety and ethical concerns and is essential for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-29 Andreas Madsen , Siva Reddy , Sarath Chandar

Very few eXplainable AI (XAI) studies consider how users understanding of explanations might change depending on whether they know more or less about the to be explained domain (i.e., whether they differ in their expertise). Yet, expertise…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2022-12-20 Courtney Ford , Mark T Keane

Post-hoc explanation techniques refer to a posteriori methods that can be used to explain how black-box machine learning models produce their outcomes. Among post-hoc explanation techniques, counterfactual explanations are becoming one of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-09-07 Ulrich Aïvodji , Alexandre Bolot , Sébastien Gambs
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