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Online websites use cookie notices to elicit consent from the users, as required by recent privacy regulations like the GDPR and the CCPA. Prior work has shown that these notices use dark patterns to manipulate users into making…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-04-15 Rishabh Khandelwal , Asmit Nayak , Hamza Harkous , Kassem Fawaz

Since the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in May 2018 more than 60 % of popular websites in Europe display cookie consent notices to their visitors. This has quickly led to users becoming fatigued with privacy…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2019-10-23 Christine Utz , Martin Degeling , Sascha Fahl , Florian Schaub , Thorsten Holz

Recent privacy regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) have established legal requirements for obtaining user consent regarding the collection, use, and sharing of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-30 Ying Li , Wenjun Qiu , Faysal Hossain Shezan , Kunlin Cai , Michelangelo van Dam , Lisa Austin , David Lie , Yuan Tian

As a result of the GDPR and the ePrivacy Directive, European users encounter cookie banners on almost every website. Many of such banners are implemented by Consent Management Providers (CMPs), who respect the IAB Europe's Transparency and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-02-24 Célestin Matte , Nataliia Bielova , Cristiana Santos

The main goal of this paper is to study how often cookie banners that comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) contain aesthetic manipulation, a design tactic to draw users' attention to the button that permits personal…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-11-03 Riley Grossman , Michael Smith , Cristian Borcea , Yi Chen

Online services provide users with cookie banners to accept/reject the cookies placed on their web browsers. Despite the increased adoption of cookie banners, little has been done to ensure that cookie consent is compliant with privacy laws…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-08 Brian Tang , Duc Bui , Kang G. Shin

To comply with data protection regulations such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), websites widely deploy cookie consent banners to collect users' privacy preferences. In…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Nivedita Singh , Seyoung Jin , Hyoungshick Kim

To ensure that users of online services understand what data are collected and how they are used in algorithmic decision-making, the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) specifies informed consent as a minimal…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2020-06-26 Than Htut Soe , Oda Elise Nordberg , Frode Guribye , Marija Slavkovik

While companies increasingly rely on data, especially when it comes to targeted advertising, adapting content to users, selling data and training machine learning models, the collection of data raises privacy concerns. One way of collecting…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Liv Hilde Sjøflot , Tobias A. Opsahl

During the past few years, mostly as a result of the GDPR and the CCPA, websites have started to present users with cookie consent banners. These banners are web forms where the users can state their preference and declare which cookies…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2022-02-11 Emmanouil Papadogiannakis , Panagiotis Papadopoulos , Nicolas Kourtellis , Evangelos P. Markatos

Cookie banners, the pop ups that appear to collect your consent for data collection, are a tempting ground for dark patterns. Dark patterns are design elements that are used to influence the user's choice towards an option that is not in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-04-27 Than Htut Soe , Cristiana Teixeira Santos , Marija Slavkovik

New consent management platforms (CMPs) have been introduced to the web to conform with the EU's General Data Protection Regulation, particularly its requirements for consent when companies collect and process users' personal data. This…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2020-01-09 Midas Nouwens , Ilaria Liccardi , Michael Veale , David Karger , Lalana Kagal

Online tracking remains problematic, with compliance and ethical issues persisting despite regulatory efforts. Consent interfaces, the visible manifestation of this industry, have seen significant attention over the years. We present robust…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-03-26 Midas Nouwens , Janus Bager Kristensen , Kristjan Maalt , Rolf Bagge

In response to the ePrivacy Directive and the consent requirements introduced by the GDPR, websites began deploying consent banners to obtain user permission for data collection and processing. However, due to shared third-party services…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-07-21 Ali Rasaii , Ha Dao , Anja Feldmann , Mohammadmahdi Javid , Oliver Gasser , Devashish Gosain

To protect users' privacy, legislators have regulated the usage of tracking technologies, mandating the acquisition of users' consent before collecting data. Consequently, websites started showing more and more consent management modules --…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-09-14 Nikhil Jha , Martino Trevisan , Luca Vassio , Marco Mellia

Web cookies have been the subject of many research studies over the last few years. However, most existing research does not consider multiple crucial perspectives that can influence the cookie landscape, such as the client's location, the…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2023-02-13 Ali Rasaii , Shivani Singh , Devashish Gosain , Oliver Gasser

In this work, we analyze the legal requirements on how cookie banners are supposed to be implemented to be fully compliant with the e-Privacy Directive and the General Data Protection Regulation. Our contribution resides in the definition…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-09-25 Cristiana Santos , Nataliia Bielova , Célestin Matte

The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) secures the right to Opt-Out for consumers in California. However, websites may implement complex consent mechanisms that potentially do not capture the user's true choices. We investigated the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-09-06 Torsha Mazumdar , Daniel Timko , Muhammad Lutfor Rahman

The increasing consumption of news online in the 21st century coincided with increased publication of disinformation, biased reporting, hate speech and other unwanted Web content. We describe BiasScanner, an application that aims to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-16 Tim Menzner , Jochen L. Leidner

Cookie banners are devices implemented by websites to allow users to manage their privacy settings with respect to the use of cookies. They are part of a user's daily web browsing experience since legislation in Europe requires websites to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-04-14 Georgios Kampanos , Siamak F. Shahandashti
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