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Training machine learning (ML) models is expensive in terms of computational power, amounts of labeled data and human expertise. Thus, ML models constitute intellectual property (IP) and business value for their owners. Embedding digital…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-07-19 Sebastian Szyller , Buse Gul Atli , Samuel Marchal , N. Asokan

Being trained on large and diverse datasets, visual foundation models (VFMs) can be fine-tuned to achieve remarkable performance and efficiency in various downstream computer vision tasks. The high computational cost of data collection and…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Anna Chistyakova , Mikhail Pautov

Deep neural networks (DNNs) deployed in a cloud often allow users to query models via the APIs. However, these APIs expose the models to model extraction attacks (MEAs). In this attack, the attacker attempts to duplicate the target model by…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-26 Satoru Koda , Ikuya Morikawa

DNNs shall be considered as the intellectual property (IP) of the model builder due to the impeding cost of designing/training a highly accurate model. Research attempts have been made to protect the authorship of the trained model and…

多媒体 · 计算机科学 2018-11-12 Huili Chen , Bita Darvish Rouhani , Xinwei Fan , Osman Cihan Kilinc , Farinaz Koushanfar

The state of the art performance of deep learning models comes at a high cost for companies and institutions, due to the tedious data collection and the heavy processing requirements. Recently, [35, 22] proposed to watermark convolutional…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-04-14 Erwan Le Merrer , Patrick Perez , Gilles Trédan

The effectiveness of watermark algorithms in AI-generated text identification has garnered significant attention. Concurrently, an increasing number of watermark algorithms have been proposed to enhance the robustness against various…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-01 Xianheng Feng , Jian Liu , Kui Ren , Chun Chen

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have already achieved great success in a lot of application areas and brought profound changes to our society. However, it also raises new security problems, among which how to protect the intellectual property…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-11-02 Hanzhou Wu

Being trained on large and vast datasets, visual foundation models (VFMs) can be fine-tuned for diverse downstream tasks, achieving remarkable performance and efficiency in various computer vision applications. The high computation cost of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Anna Chistyakova , Mikhail Pautov

Natural language processing (NLP) technology has shown great commercial value in applications such as sentiment analysis. But NLP models are vulnerable to the threat of pirated redistribution, damaging the economic interests of model…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-11-21 Long Dai , Jiarong Mao , Xuefeng Fan , Xiaoyi Zhou

In practical application, the widespread deployment of diffusion models often necessitates substantial investment in training. As diffusion models find increasingly diverse applications, concerns about potential misuse highlight the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-10-31 Jijia Yang , Sen Peng , Xiaohua Jia

Watermarking is one of the most important copyright protection tools for digital media. The most challenging type of watermarking is the imperceptible one, which embeds identifying information in the data while retaining the latter's…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-05-12 Natan Semyonov , Rami Puzis , Asaf Shabtai , Gilad Katz

The intellectual property of deep neural network (DNN) models can be protected with DNN watermarking, which embeds copyright watermarks into model parameters (white-box), model behavior (black-box), or model outputs (box-free), and the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-25 Haonan An , Guang Hua , Yu Guo , Hangcheng Cao , Susanto Rahardja , Yuguang Fang

Language models now routinely produce text that is difficult to distinguish from human writing, raising the need for robust tools to verify content provenance. Watermarking has emerged as a promising countermeasure, with existing work…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-18 Huijia Lin , Kameron Shahabi , Min Jae Song

Watermarking technology has gained significant attention due to the increasing importance of intellectual property (IP) rights, particularly with the growing deployment of large language models (LLMs) on billions resource-constrained edge…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-14 Qingxiao Guo , Xinjie Zhu , Yilong Ma , Hui Jin , Yunhao Wang , Weifeng Zhang , Xiaobing Guo

The recent explosion of high-quality language models has necessitated new methods for identifying AI-generated text. Watermarking is a leading solution and could prove to be an essential tool in the age of generative AI. Existing approaches…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-25 Miranda Christ , Sam Gunn , Tal Malkin , Mariana Raykova

Adoption of machine learning models across industries have turned Neural Networks (DNNs) into a prized Intellectual Property (IP), which needs to be protected from being stolen or being used without authorization. This topic gave rise to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-07 Yi Hao Puah , Anh Tu Ngo , Nandish Chattopadhyay , Anupam Chattopadhyay

Watermarking enables GenAI providers to verify whether content was generated by their models. A watermark is a hidden signal in the content, whose presence can be detected using a secret watermark key. A core security threat are forgery…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Toluwani Aremu , Noor Hussein , Munachiso Nwadike , Samuele Poppi , Jie Zhang , Karthik Nandakumar , Neil Gong , Nils Lukas

With the performance of deep neural networks (DNNs) remarkably improving, DNNs have been widely used in many areas. Consequently, the DNN model has become a valuable asset, and its intellectual property is safeguarded by ownership…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-11-27 Hongwei Yao , Zheng Li , Kunzhe Huang , Jian Lou , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Digital image watermarking is the process of embedding and extracting watermark covertly on a carrier image. Incorporating deep learning networks with image watermarking has attracted increasing attention during recent years. However,…

多媒体 · 计算机科学 2020-07-07 Xin Zhong , Frank Y. Shih

Federated graph learning (FedGL) is an emerging learning paradigm to collaboratively train graph data from various clients. However, during the development and deployment of FedGL models, they are susceptible to illegal copying and model…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-24 Yuxin Yang , Qiang Li , Yuan Hong , Binghui Wang