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Detecting anomalies or out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is critical for maintaining the reliability and trustworthiness of machine learning systems. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their effectiveness not only in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-17 Ruiyao Xu , Kaize Ding

We revisit the likelihood ratio between a pretrained large language model (LLM) and its finetuned variant as a criterion for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. The intuition behind such a criterion is that, the pretrained LLM has the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-07 Andi Zhang , Tim Z. Xiao , Weiyang Liu , Robert Bamler , Damon Wischik

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for reliable and trustworthy machine learning. Recent multi-modal OOD detection leverages textual information from in-distribution (ID) class names for visual OOD detection, yet it currently…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-13 Yi Dai , Hao Lang , Kaisheng Zeng , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task that has garnered significant attention. The emergence of CLIP has spurred extensive research into zero-shot OOD detection, often employing a training-free approach. Current methods…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Haoran Xu , Yanlin Liu , Zizhao Tong , Jiaze Li , Kexue Fu , Yuyang Zhang , Longxiang Gao , Shuaiguang Li , Xingyu Li , Yanran Xu , Changwei Wang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has seen significant advancements with zero-shot approaches by leveraging the powerful Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP. However, prior research works have predominantly focused on enhancing…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-01-10 Pei-Kang Lee , Jun-Cheng Chen , Ja-Ling Wu

Recent advances in medical vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate impressive performance in image classification tasks, driven by their strong zero-shot generalization capabilities. However, given the high variability and complexity…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Lie Ju , Sijin Zhou , Yukun Zhou , Huimin Lu , Zhuoting Zhu , Pearse A. Keane , Zongyuan Ge

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for ensuring the reliability of deep learning models operating in open-world scenarios. Current OOD detectors mainly rely on statistical models to identify unusual patterns in the latent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Konstantin Kirchheim , Frank Ortmeier

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the reliable and safe deployment of machine learning systems in the real world. Great progress has been made over the past years. This paper presents the first review of recent advances…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-29 Hao Lang , Yinhe Zheng , Yixuan Li , Jian Sun , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for building reliable AI systems, as models that produce outputs for invalid inputs cannot be trusted. Although deep learning (DL) is often assumed to outperform traditional machine learning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Jihyeon Baek , Seunghoon Lee , Gitaek Kwon , Doohyun Park

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is crucial for ensuring the safety of machine learning systems and has shaped the field of OOD detection. Meanwhile, several other problems are closely related to OOD detection, including anomaly…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-19 Atsuyuki Miyai , Jingkang Yang , Jingyang Zhang , Yifei Ming , Yueqian Lin , Qing Yu , Go Irie , Shafiq Joty , Yixuan Li , Hai Li , Ziwei Liu , Toshihiko Yamasaki , Kiyoharu Aizawa

As the size of the pre-trained language model (PLM) continues to increase, numerous parameter-efficient transfer learning methods have been proposed recently to compensate for the tremendous cost of fine-tuning. Despite the impressive…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-16 Hyunsoo Cho , Choonghyun Park , Junyeop Kim , Hyuhng Joon Kim , Kang Min Yoo , Sang-goo Lee

Out-of-distribution detection (OOD) is a pivotal task for real-world applications that trains models to identify samples that are distributionally different from the in-distribution (ID) data during testing. Recent advances in AI,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-06 Chaohua Li , Enhao Zhang , Chuanxing Geng , Songcan Chen

The safe deployment of machine learning and AI models in open-world settings hinges critically on the ability to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) data accurately, data samples that contrast vastly from what the model was trained with.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-23 Andrija Djurisic , Rosanne Liu , Mladen Nikolic

Machine learning algorithms typically assume independent and identically distributed samples in training and at test time. Much work has shown that high-performing ML classifiers can degrade significantly and provide overly-confident, wrong…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-03-09 Jie Ren , Jiaming Luo , Yao Zhao , Kundan Krishna , Mohammad Saleh , Balaji Lakshminarayanan , Peter J. Liu

In the realm of task-oriented dialogue systems, a robust intent detection mechanism must effectively handle malformed utterances encountered in real-world scenarios. This study presents a novel fine-tuning framework for large language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-23 Bo Liu , Liming Zhan , Yujie Feng , Zexin Lu , Chengqiang Xie , Lei Xue , Albert Y. S. Lam , Xiao-Ming Wu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task for reliable predictions over text. Fine-tuning with pre-trained language models has been a de facto procedure to derive OOD detectors with respect to in-distribution (ID) data. Despite…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-23 Rheeya Uppaal , Junjie Hu , Yixuan Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is important for deploying machine learning models in the real world, where test data from shifted distributions can naturally arise. While a plethora of algorithmic approaches have recently emerged for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-03 Peyman Morteza , Yixuan Li

Distinguishing in- and out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is crucial for reliable deployment of classification systems. However, OOD data is typically unavailable or difficult to collect, posing a significant challenge for accurate OOD…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-03 Momin Abbas , Muneeza Azmat , Raya Horesh , Mikhail Yurochkin

Standard recognition approaches are unable to deal with novel categories at test time. Their overconfidence on the known classes makes the predictions unreliable for safety-critical applications such as healthcare or autonomous driving.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-07-13 Lorenzo Li Lu , Giulia D'Ascenzi , Francesco Cappio Borlino , Tatiana Tommasi

This paper reexamines the research on out-of-distribution (OOD) robustness in the field of NLP. We find that the distribution shift settings in previous studies commonly lack adequate challenges, hindering the accurate evaluation of OOD…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-27 Lifan Yuan , Yangyi Chen , Ganqu Cui , Hongcheng Gao , Fangyuan Zou , Xingyi Cheng , Heng Ji , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun
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