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The limitations of existing Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) methods lie in their confinement by the closed-environment assumption, hindering their effective and robust handling of unknown target categories…

Open set recognition (OSR), aiming to simultaneously classify the seen classes and identify the unseen classes as 'unknown', is essential for reliable machine learning.The key challenge of OSR is how to reduce the empirical classification…

This paper addresses the open set recognition (OSR) problem, where the goal is to correctly classify samples of known classes while detecting unknown samples to reject. In the OSR problem, "unknown" is assumed to have infinite possibilities…

Open set recognition (OSR) is a critical aspect of machine learning, addressing the challenge of detecting novel classes during inference. Within the realm of deep learning, neural classifiers trained on a closed set of data typically…

Machine learning-based techniques open up many opportunities and improvements to derive deeper and more practical insights from data that can help businesses make informed decisions. However, the majority of these techniques focus on the…

Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) is a category of computer vision algorithms which attempts to recognize targets on data obtained from different sensors. ATR algorithms are extensively used in real-world scenarios such as military and…

Assuming unknown classes could be present during classification, the open set recognition (OSR) task aims to classify an instance into a known class or reject it as unknown. In this paper, we use a two-stage training strategy for the OSR…

Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) focuses on classifying samples of unseen classes with only their side semantic information presented during training. It cannot handle real-life, open-world scenarios where there are test samples of unknown classes…

If an unknown example that is not seen during training appears, most recognition systems usually produce overgeneralized results and determine that the example belongs to one of the known classes. To address this problem,…

Existing open set recognition (OSR) methods are typically designed for static scenarios, where models aim to classify known classes and identify unknown ones within fixed scopes. This deviates from the expectation that the model should…

In real-world recognition/classification tasks, limited by various objective factors, it is usually difficult to collect training samples to exhaust all classes when training a recognizer or classifier. A more realistic scenario is open set…

Open Set Recognition (OSR) requires models not only to accurately classify known classes but also to effectively reject unknown samples. However, when unknown samples are semantically similar to known classes, inter-class overlap in the…

In open-set recognition (OSR), a promising strategy is exploiting pseudo-unknown data outside given $K$ known classes as an additional $K$+$1$-th class to explicitly model potential open space. However, treating unknown classes without…

Automatic target recognition (ATR) is an important use case for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image interpretation. Recent years have seen significant advancements in SAR ATR technology based on semi-supervised learning. However, existing…

Recent advancements in deep learning have greatly enhanced 3D object recognition, but most models are limited to closed-set scenarios, unable to handle unknown samples in real-world applications. Open-set recognition (OSR) addresses this…

Compared to conventional zero-shot learning (ZSL) where recognising unseen classes is the primary or only aim, the goal of generalized zero-shot learning (GZSL) is to recognise both seen and unseen classes. Most GZSL methods typically learn…

Open set recognition (OSR) is the problem of classifying the known classes, meanwhile identifying the unknown classes when the collected samples cannot exhaust all the classes. There are many applications for the OSR problem. For instance,…

Open Set Recognition (OSR) extends image classification to an open-world setting, by simultaneously classifying known classes and identifying unknown ones. While conventional OSR approaches can detect Out-of-Distribution (OOD) samples, they…

The primary assumption of conventional supervised learning or classification is that the test samples are drawn from the same distribution as the training samples, which is called closed set learning or classification. In many practical…

Open-set image recognition (OSR) aims to both classify known-class samples and identify unknown-class samples in the testing set, which supports robust classifiers in many realistic applications, such as autonomous driving, medical…