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Detecting facial action units (AU) is one of the fundamental steps in automatic recognition of facial expression of emotions and cognitive states. Though there have been a variety of approaches proposed for this task, most of these models…

Recognizing human emotion/expressions automatically is quite an expected ability for intelligent robotics, as it can promote better communication and cooperation with humans. Current deep-learning-based algorithms may achieve impressive…

The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) encodes the action units (AUs) in facial images, which has attracted extensive research attention due to its wide use in facial expression analysis. Many methods that perform well on automatic facial…

Human facial action units (AUs) are mutually related in a hierarchical manner, as not only they are associated with each other in both spatial and temporal domains but also AUs located in the same/close facial regions show stronger…

In facial action unit (AU) recognition tasks, regional feature learning and AU relation modeling are two effective aspects which are worth exploring. However, the limited representation capacity of regional features makes it difficult for…

Facial action units (AUs) recognition is essential for emotion analysis and has been widely applied in mental state analysis. Existing work on AU recognition usually requires big face dataset with AU labels; however, manual AU annotation…

Facial Action Unit (AU) detection is a crucial task for emotion analysis from facial movements. The apparent differences of different subjects sometimes mislead changes brought by AUs, resulting in inaccurate results. However, most of the…

Attention mechanism has recently attracted increasing attentions in the field of facial action unit (AU) detection. By finding the region of interest of each AU with the attention mechanism, AU-related local features can be captured. Most…

Patient pain can be detected highly reliably from facial expressions using a set of facial muscle-based action units (AUs) defined by the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). A key characteristic of facial expression of pain is the…

Facial action unit (AU) detection is challenging due to the difficulty in capturing correlated information from subtle and dynamic AUs. Existing methods often resort to the localization of correlated regions of AUs, in which predefining…

Despite the success of deep neural networks on facial action unit (AU) detection, better performance depends on a large number of training images with accurate AU annotations. However, labeling AU is time-consuming, expensive, and…

The detection of micro-expression Action Units (AUs) is a formidable challenge in affective computing, pivotal for decoding subtle, involuntary human emotions. While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate profound reasoning abilities,…

Facial action unit (AU) detection is a challenging task due to the scarcity of manual annotations. Recent works on AU detection with self-supervised learning have emerged to address this problem, aiming to learn meaningful AU…

Micro-expression (ME) action units (Micro-AUs) provide objective clues for fine-grained genuine emotion analysis. Most existing Micro-AU detection methods learn AU features from the whole facial image/video, which conflicts with the…

The intensity estimation of facial action units (AUs) is challenging due to subtle changes in the person's facial appearance. Previous approaches mainly rely on probabilistic models or predefined rules for modeling co-occurrence…

This paper presents a subject-independent facial action unit (AU) detection method by introducing the concept of relative AU detection, for scenarios where the neutral face is not provided. We propose a new classification objective function…

Facial action unit (AU) detection remains a challenging task, due to the subtlety, dynamics, and diversity of AUs. Recently, the prevailing techniques of self-attention and causal inference have been introduced to AU detection. However,…

Facial action units (AUs), as defined in the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), have received significant research interest owing to their diverse range of applications in facial state analysis. Current mainstream FAU recognition models…

Since Facial Action Unit (AU) annotations require domain expertise, common AU datasets only contain a limited number of subjects. As a result, a crucial challenge for AU detection is addressing identity overfitting. We find that AUs and…

Automatic facial action unit (AU) recognition is a challenging task due to the scarcity of manual annotations. To alleviate this problem, a large amount of efforts has been dedicated to exploiting various methods which leverage numerous…