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Causal inference is a study of causal relationships between events and the statistical study of inferring these relationships through interventions and other statistical techniques. Causal reasoning is any line of work toward determining…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-04-03 Patrick Chadbourne , Nasir Eisty

Causal inference is a critical research topic across many domains, such as statistics, computer science, education, public policy and economics, for decades. Nowadays, estimating causal effect from observational data has become an appealing…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2020-02-10 Liuyi Yao , Zhixuan Chu , Sheng Li , Yaliang Li , Jing Gao , Aidong Zhang

Of late, in order to have better acceptability among various domain, researchers have argued that machine intelligence algorithms must be able to provide explanations that humans can understand causally. This aspect, also known as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-08-24 Satyam Kumar , Vadlamani Ravi

Causal inference is a science with multi-disciplinary evolution and applications. On the one hand, it measures effects of treatments in observational data based on experimental designs and rigorous statistical inference to draw causal…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-09-05 Jingying Zeng , Run Wang

Causality and causal inference have emerged as core research areas at the interface of modern statistics and domains including biomedical sciences, social sciences, computer science, and beyond. The field's inherently interdisciplinary…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-08-26 Carlos Cinelli , Avi Feller , Guido Imbens , Edward Kennedy , Sara Magliacane , Jose Zubizarreta

Causal inference is a central goal across many scientific disciplines. Over the past several decades, three major frameworks have emerged to formalize causal questions and guide their analysis: the potential outcomes framework, structural…

统计理论 · 数学 2026-02-12 Linbo Wang , Thomas Richardson , James Robins

Causal inference has recently garnered significant interest among recommender system (RS) researchers due to its ability to dissect cause-and-effect relationships and its broad applicability across multiple fields. It offers a framework to…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-07-09 Huishi Luo , Fuzhen Zhuang , Ruobing Xie , Hengshu Zhu , Deqing Wang , Zhulin An , Yongjun Xu

A data science task can be deemed as making sense of the data or testing a hypothesis about it. The conclusions inferred from data can greatly guide us to make informative decisions. Big data has enabled us to carry out countless prediction…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-01-12 Wenhao Zhang , Ramin Ramezani , Arash Naeim

We introduce computational causal inference as an interdisciplinary field across causal inference, algorithms design and numerical computing. The field aims to develop software specializing in causal inference that can analyze massive…

统计计算 · 统计学 2020-07-22 Jeffrey C. Wong

Causality is a subject of philosophical debate and a central scientific issue with a long history. In the statistical domain, the study of cause and effect based on the notion of `fairness' in comparisons dates back several hundred years,…

其他统计学 · 统计学 2022-04-06 Erica EM Moodie , David A Stephens

Causal inference plays an important role in explanatory analysis and decision making across various fields like statistics, marketing, health care, and education. Its main task is to estimate treatment effects and make intervention…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-07-22 Yingrong Wang , Haoxuan Li , Minqin Zhu , Anpeng Wu , Ruoxuan Xiong , Fei Wu , Kun Kuang

This paper reviews existing work in software engineering that applies statistical causal inference methods. These methods aim at estimating causal effects from observational data. The review covers 32 papers published between 2010 and 2022.…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-03-24 Julien Siebert

This paper serves as a starting point for machine learning researchers, engineers and students who are interested in but not yet familiar with causal inference. We start by laying out an important set of assumptions that are collectively…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-28 Daniel Jiwoong Im , Kyunghyun Cho

In social sciences and economics, causal inference traditionally focuses on assessing the impact of predefined treatments (or interventions) on predefined outcomes, such as the effect of education programs on earnings. Causal discovery, in…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2024-07-12 Martin Huber

We review some approaches and philosophies of causal inference coming from sociology, economics, computer science, cognitive science, and statistics

统计理论 · 数学 2010-04-02 Andrew Gelman

Causal inference, as a major research area in statistics and data science, plays a central role across diverse fields such as medicine, economics, education, and the social sciences. Design-based causal inference begins with randomized…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-12-01 Xin Lu , Wanjia Fu , Hongzi Li , Haoyang Yu , Honghao Zhang , Ke Zhu , Hanzhong Liu

The paper reviews methods that seek to draw causal inference from observational data and demonstrates how they can be applied to empirical problems in engineering research. It presents a framework for causal identification based on the…

应用统计 · 统计学 2022-11-28 Daniel J Graham

A fundamental goal of scientific research is to learn about causal relationships. However, despite its critical role in the life and social sciences, causality has not had the same importance in Natural Language Processing (NLP), which has…

Machine learning is the science of discovering statistical dependencies in data, and the use of those dependencies to perform predictions. During the last decade, machine learning has made spectacular progress, surpassing human performance…

机器学习 · 统计学 2016-07-13 David Lopez-Paz

Whether a variable is the cause of another, or simply associated with it, is often an important scientific question. Causal Inference is the name associated with the body of techniques for addressing that question in a statistical setting.…

应用统计 · 统计学 2025-06-25 Caren Marzban , Yikun Zhang , Nicholas Bond , Michael Richman
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