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Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization has gained increasing attentions for learning on graphs, as graph neural networks (GNNs) often exhibit performance degradation with distribution shifts. The challenge is that distribution shifts on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-19 Qitian Wu , Fan Nie , Chenxiao Yang , Tianyi Bao , Junchi Yan

Distribution shifts on graphs -- the data distribution discrepancies between training and testing a graph machine learning model, are often ubiquitous and unavoidable in real-world scenarios. Such shifts may severely deteriorate the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-20 Shuhan Liu , Kaize Ding

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved impressive performance in graph-related tasks. However, they suffer from poor generalization on out-of-distribution (OOD) data, as they tend to learn spurious correlations. Such correlations…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-03-26 Bowen Lu , Liangqiang Yang , Teng Li

Distribution shifts on graphs -- the discrepancies in data distribution between training and employing a graph machine learning model -- are ubiquitous and often unavoidable in real-world scenarios. These shifts may severely deteriorate…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-31 Kexin Zhang , Shuhan Liu , Song Wang , Weili Shi , Chen Chen , Pan Li , Sheng Li , Jundong Li , Kaize Ding

Graph machine learning has been extensively studied in both academia and industry. Although booming with a vast number of emerging methods and techniques, most of the literature is built on the in-distribution hypothesis, i.e., testing and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-02 Haoyang Li , Xin Wang , Ziwei Zhang , Wenwu Zhu

Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) generalization has gained increasing attentions for machine learning on graphs, as graph neural networks (GNNs) often exhibit performance degradation under distribution shifts. Existing graph OOD methods tend to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-12 Henan Sun , Xunkai Li , Lei Zhu , Junyi Han , Guang Zeng , Ronghua Li , Guoren Wang

Most existing deep learning models are trained based on the closed-world assumption, where the test data is assumed to be drawn i.i.d. from the same distribution as the training data, known as in-distribution (ID). However, when models are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-09 Yixin Liu , Kaize Ding , Huan Liu , Shirui Pan

Traditional machine learning methods heavily rely on the independent and identically distribution assumption, which imposes limitations when the test distribution deviates from the training distribution. To address this crucial issue,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-26 Qin Tian , Wenjun Wang , Chen Zhao , Minglai Shao , Wang Zhang , Dong Li

To deal with distribution shifts in graph data, various graph out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization techniques have been recently proposed. These methods often employ a two-step strategy that first creates augmented environments and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-09 Song Wang , Xiaodong Yang , Rashidul Islam , Huiyuan Chen , Minghua Xu , Jundong Li , Yiwei Cai

Graph Neural Network (GNN) has demonstrated extraordinary performance in classifying graph properties. However, due to the selection bias of training and testing data (e.g., training on small graphs and testing on large graphs, or training…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-08-17 Bin Lu , Xiaoying Gan , Ze Zhao , Shiyu Liang , Luoyi Fu , Xinbing Wang , Chenghu Zhou

Graph out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization remains a major challenge in graph learning since graph neural networks (GNNs) often suffer from severe performance degradation under distribution shifts. Invariant learning, aiming to extract…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-14 Wenyu Mao , Jiancan Wu , Haoyang Liu , Yongduo Sui , Xiang Wang

This paper addresses the challenge of out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization in graph machine learning, a field rapidly advancing yet grappling with the discrepancy between source and target data distributions. Traditional graph learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-09 Xin Sun , Liang Wang , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Zilei Wang , Liang Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been demonstrated to perform well in graph representation learning, but always lacking in generalization capability when tackling out-of-distribution (OOD) data. Graph invariant learning methods, backed by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-19 Tianrui Jia , Haoyang Li , Cheng Yang , Tao Tao , Chuan Shi

Out-of-distribution (OoD) generalization occurs when representation learning encounters a distribution shift. This occurs frequently in practice when training and testing data come from different environments. Covariate shift is a type of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Simon Zhang , Ryan P. DeMilt , Kun Jin , Cathy H. Xia

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved impressive performance when testing and training graph data come from identical distribution. However, existing GNNs lack out-of-distribution generalization abilities so that their performance…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-15 Haoyang Li , Xin Wang , Ziwei Zhang , Wenwu Zhu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have exhibited remarkable performance under the assumption that test data comes from the same distribution of training data. However, in real-world scenarios, this assumption may not always be valid.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-15 Kai Guo , Hongzhi Wen , Wei Jin , Yaming Guo , Jiliang Tang , Yi Chang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization on graphs aims at dealing with scenarios where the test graph distribution differs from the training graph distributions. Compared to i.i.d. data like images, the OOD generalization problem on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-13 Song Wang , Zhen Tan , Yaochen Zhu , Chuxu Zhang , Jundong Li

In the context of modern machine learning, models deployed in real-world scenarios often encounter diverse data shifts like covariate and semantic shifts, leading to challenges in both out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization and detection.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-30 Han Wang , Yixuan Li

Graphs are a fundamental data structure for representing relational information in domains such as social networks, molecular systems, and knowledge graphs. However, graph learning models often suffer from limited generalization when…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Haoyang Li , Haibo Chen , Xin Wang , Wenwu Zhu

The development and evaluation of graph neural networks (GNNs) generally follow the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) assumption. Yet this assumption is often untenable in practice due to the uncontrollable data generation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-06 Yiming Xu , Bin Shi , Zhen Peng , Huixiang Liu , Bo Dong , Chen Chen
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