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A new era of directly imaged extrasolar planets has produced a three-planet system (Marois et al. 2008), where the masses of the planets have been estimated by untested cooling models. We point out that the nominal circular, face-on orbits…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2011-02-11 Daniel C. Fabrycky , Ruth A. Murray-Clay

Radio images of protoplanetary disks demonstrate that dust grains tend to organize themselves into rings. These rings may be a consequence of dust trapping within gas pressure maxima wherein the local high dust-to-gas ratio is expected to…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-10-12 Eve J. Lee , J. R. Fuentes , Philip F. Hopkins

We study the migration of three-planet systems in an irradiated 1+1D $\alpha$-disc with photoevaporation. We performed $2700$ simulations with various planets' masses and initial orbits. We found that most of the systems which ended up as…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-03-09 Cezary Migaszewski

The solid content of circumstellar disks is inherited from the interstellar medium: dust particles of at most a micrometer in size. Protoplanetary disks are the environment where these dust grains need to grow at least 13 orders of…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-05-19 T. Birnstiel , M. Fang , A. Johansen

We consider the general spatial three body problem and study the dynamics of planetary systems consisting of a star and two planets which evolve into 2/1 mean motion resonance and into inclined orbits. Our study is focused on the periodic…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-02-10 K. I. Antoniadou , G. Voyatzis

This paper describes a model which can explain the observed clumpy structures of debris disks. Clumps arise because after a planetary system forms its planets migrate due to angular momentum exchange with the remaining planetesimals.…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-10 M. C. Wyatt

The recently discovered planetary system HD45364 which consists of a Jupiter and Saturn mass planet is very likely in a 3:2 mean motion resonance. The standard scenario to form planetary commensurabilities is convergent migration of two…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2010-01-29 Hanno Rein , John C. B. Papaloizou , Wilhelm Kley

Planet formation is often considered in the context of one circumstellar disk around one star. Yet stellar binary systems are ubiquitous, and thus a substantial fraction of all potential planets must form and evolve in more complex,…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-02-16 Trent J. Dupuy , Adam L. Kraus , Kaitlin M. Kratter , Aaron C. Rizzuto , Andrew W. Mann , Daniel Huber , Michael J. Ireland

Circumstellar disks are an integral part of the star formation process and the sites where planets are formed. Understanding the physical processes that drive their evolution, as disks evolve from optically thick to optically thin, is…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2016-09-08 Lucas A. Cieza

The planetary dynamics of $4/3$, $3/2$, $5/2$, $3/1$ and $4/1$ mean motion resonances is studied by using the model of the general three body problem in a rotating frame and by determining families of periodic orbits for each resonance.…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-02-10 K. I. Antoniadou , G. Voyatzis

Recent observations of Kepler multi-planet systems have revealed a number of systems with planets very close to second-order mean motion resonances (MMRs, with period ratio $1:3$, $3:5$, etc.) We present an analytic study of resonance…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-11-03 Wenrui Xu , Dong Lai

Short-period super-Earths and mini-Neptunes encircle more than $\sim50\%$ of Sun-like stars and are relatively amenable to direct observational characterization. Despite this, environments in which these planets accrete are difficult to…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-05-04 Max Goldberg , Konstantin Batygin

Cold Neptunes and sub-Neptunes are among the most common products of planet formation and likely dominate the angular-momentum budgets in most planetary systems, yet their dynamical impact on planetary architectures remains poorly…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2026-04-10 Ryan LoRusso , Cristobal Petrovich , Hareesh Gautham Bhaskar

The early stages of dynamical evolution of planetary systems are often shaped by dissipative processes that drive orbital migration. In multi-planet systems, convergent amassing of orbits inevitably leads to encounters with rational period…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-08 Konstantin Batygin

Measured disk masses seem to be too low to form the observed population of planetary systems. In this context, we develop a population synthesis code in the pebble accretion scenario, to analyse the disk mass dependence on planet formation…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-10-07 Spandan Dash , Yamila Miguel

Mean motion resonances are a common feature of both our own Solar System and of extrasolar planetary systems. Bodies can be trapped in resonance when their orbital semi-major axes change, for instance when they migrate through a…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-20 Alexander J. Mustill , Mark C. Wyatt

The early stages of planet formation are still not well understood. Coagulation models have revealed numerous obstacles to the dust growth, such as the bouncing, fragmentation and radial drift barriers. We study the interplay between dust…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2013-07-24 J. Drazkowska , F. Windmark , C. P. Dullemond

We use a multiannulus planetesimal accretion code to investigate the growth of icy planets in the outer regions of a planetesimal disk. In a quiescent minimum mass solar nebula, icy planets grow to sizes of 1000--3000 km on a timescale t =…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-10 Scott J. Kenyon , Benjamin C. Bromley

An ever-growing observational aggregate of extrasolar planets has revealed that systems of planets that reside in or near mean-motion resonances are relatively common. While the origin of such systems is attributed to protoplanetary…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-16 Konstantin Batygin , Alessandro Morbidelli

In order to study the origin of the architectures of low mass planetary systems, we perform numerical surveys of the evolution of pairs of coplanar planets in the mass range $(1-4)\ \rmn{M}_{\oplus}.$ These evolve for up to $2\times10^7…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-04-21 M. Xiang-Gruess , J. C. B. Papaloizou