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Transformers have significantly impacted domains like natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics, where they improve performance compared to other neural networks. This survey explores how transformers are used in…

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a branch of machine learning which is employed to solve various sequential decision making problems without proper supervision. Due to the recent advancement of deep learning, the newly proposed Deep-RL…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2019-04-17 Dhruv Ramani

The transformer architecture and variants presented remarkable success across many machine learning tasks in recent years. This success is intrinsically related to the capability of handling long sequences and the presence of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-15 Luckeciano C. Melo

Transformer, originally devised for natural language processing, has also attested significant success in computer vision. Thanks to its super expressive power, researchers are investigating ways to deploy transformers to reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-24 Shengchao Hu , Li Shen , Ya Zhang , Yixin Chen , Dacheng Tao

In reinforcement learning (RL), it is easier to solve a task if given a good representation. While deep RL should automatically acquire such good representations, prior work often finds that learning representations in an end-to-end fashion…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-21 Benjamin Eysenbach , Tianjun Zhang , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Sergey Levine

The aim of Reinforcement Learning (RL) in real-world applications is to create systems capable of making autonomous decisions by learning from their environment through trial and error. This paper emphasizes the importance of reward…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-31 Sinan Ibrahim , Mostafa Mostafa , Ali Jnadi , Hadi Salloum , Pavel Osinenko

Recent developments in Transformers have opened new interesting areas of research in partially observable reinforcement learning tasks. Results from late 2019 showed that Transformers are able to outperform LSTMs on both memory intense and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-04-09 Shakti Kumar , Jerrod Parker , Panteha Naderian

The process of meta-learning algorithms from data, instead of relying on manual design, is growing in popularity as a paradigm for improving the performance of machine learning systems. Meta-learning shows particular promise for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-11 Alexander David Goldie , Zilin Wang , Jaron Cohen , Jakob Nicolaus Foerster , Shimon Whiteson

Large Transformer models routinely achieve state-of-the-art results on a number of tasks but training these models can be prohibitively costly, especially on long sequences. We introduce two techniques to improve the efficiency of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-02-19 Nikita Kitaev , Łukasz Kaiser , Anselm Levskaya

Attention-based sequential recommendation methods have shown promise in accurately capturing users' evolving interests from their past interactions. Recent research has also explored the integration of reinforcement learning (RL) into these…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-19 Melissa Mozifian , Tristan Sylvain , Dave Evans , Lili Meng

Transformer models cannot easily scale to long sequences due to their O(N^2) time and space complexity. This has led to Transformer variants seeking to lower computational complexity, such as Longformer and Performer. While such models have…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-10 Guanghui Qin , Yukun Feng , Benjamin Van Durme

In recent years, challenging control problems became solvable with deep reinforcement learning (RL). To be able to use RL for large-scale real-world applications, a certain degree of reliability in their performance is necessary. Reported…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-11-11 Nirnai Rao , Elie Aljalbout , Axel Sauer , Sami Haddadin

Reinforcement learning~(RL) is a versatile framework for learning to solve complex real-world tasks. However, influences on the learning performance of RL algorithms are often poorly understood in practice. We discuss different analysis…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-14 Jan Schneider , Pierre Schumacher , Daniel Häufle , Bernhard Schölkopf , Dieter Büchler

Language models trained on diverse datasets unlock generalization by in-context learning. Reinforcement Learning (RL) policies can achieve a similar effect by meta-learning within the memory of a sequence model. However, meta-RL research…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-19 Jake Grigsby , Justin Sasek , Samyak Parajuli , Daniel Adebi , Amy Zhang , Yuke Zhu

Effective decision-making in the real world depends on memory that is both stable and adaptive: environments change over time, and agents must retain relevant information over long horizons while also updating or overwriting outdated…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-22 Oleg Shchendrigin , Egor Cherepanov , Alexey K. Kovalev , Aleksandr I. Panov

Reinforcement learning (RL) is one of the active fields in machine learning, demonstrating remarkable potential in tackling real-world challenges. Despite its promising prospects, this methodology has encountered with issues and challenges,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-21 Alireza Rashidi Laleh , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an important machine learning paradigm for solving sequential decision-making problems. Recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in this field due to the rapid development of deep neural networks.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Chaofan Pan , Xin Yang , Yanhua Li , Wei Wei , Tianrui Li , Bo An , Jiye Liang

In recent years deep reinforcement learning (RL) systems have attained superhuman performance in a number of challenging task domains. However, a major limitation of such applications is their demand for massive amounts of training data. A…

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an innovative approach to financial decision making, offering specialized solutions to complex investment problems where traditional methods fail. This review analyzes 167 articles from 2017--2025, focusing on…

计算金融 · 定量金融 2025-12-12 Mohammad Rezoanul Hoque , Md Meftahul Ferdaus , M. Kabir Hassan

Reinforcement learning (RL) is typically concerned with estimating stationary policies or single-step models, leveraging the Markov property to factorize problems in time. However, we can also view RL as a generic sequence modeling problem,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-30 Michael Janner , Qiyang Li , Sergey Levine
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