相关论文: The Formation of Thermals on the Ground
Desert mirages were simulated in the laboratory by heating a flat surface of sand. This showed that a boundary layer of air, of only a few millimeters immediately covering a heated surface has nearly the same thickness over a wide range of…
Recent observations revealed loop-like structures at very small scales visible in observables that sample transition region (TR) and coronal temperatures. Their formation remains unclear. We study an example of a bipolar system in realistic…
Model parametrizations in the convective boundary layer are still at work especially in the interfacial layers with the surface and the free troposphere. The present paper reports simultaneous turbulence-scale lidar observations of wind…
The outdoor micro-climate caused by the presence of buildings can significantly differ from that around weather stations located outside of urban areas. However, the latter is often used to design buildings and size building systems. This…
The evolution of multi-mode instabilities in a hypersonic boundary layer and their effects on aerodynamic heating are investigated. Experiments are conducted in a Mach 6 wind tunnel using Rayleigh-scattering flow visualization,…
This paper describes a simple method for estimating the strength of a thermal updraft from a Temp (i.e., a SkewT, Emagram, or similar) showing the temperature and dew point profile of the lower atmosphere. The data of the Temp can come from…
The Earth has warmed in the last century with the most rapid warming occurring near the surface in the arctic. This enhanced surface warming in the Arctic is partly because the extra heat is trapped in a thin layer of air near the surface…
Weather regimes provide a useful framework for describing large-scale atmospheric variability and its impacts on regional weather. Despite extensive study, there is still no universally accepted definition or method for identifying weather…
Atmospheric regions below a refractive boundary are hidden in limb observations. Refraction thus creates a gray continuum in the planet's transmission spectrum which can hide spectral features associated with sources of atmospheric opacity.…
The buoyant rise of thermals (i.e. bubbles of enhanced entropy, but initially in pressure equilibrium) is investigated numerically in three dimensions for the case of an adiabatically stratified layer covering 6-9 pressure scale heights. It…
We present four daytime thermal images of Europa taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array. Together, these images comprise the first spatially resolved thermal dataset with complete coverage of Europa's surface. The resulting…
Calculations of atmospheric refraction are generally based on a simplified model of atmospheric density in the troposphere which assumes that the temperature decreases at a constant lapse rate from sea level up to a height equal to eleven…
Europa's double ridges often display lower albedo and redder color than their surroundings. Their unique topography may cause sublimation-driven darkening due to illumination and self-heating, a process known as thermal segregation. We…
Condensation and sublimation of water vapors (and CO2, CH4, N2O vapors also) in the Earth atmosphere must be accompanied by emission of latent heats on characteristic frequencies marked in absorption spectra. Calculated wave lengths…
The paper describes the first results of all-sky polarization measurements of twilight background started in central Russia in the very beginning of summer 2011. Time-frequent data of sky intensity and polarization over the wide range of…
Soil assessment is important for mobile robot planning and navigation on natural and planetary environments. Terramechanic characteristics can be inferred from the thermal behaviour of soils under the influence of sunlight using remote…
Measurements with a glider show that thermal theories published for decades need to be revised. We present a corrected view of temperature and humidity in thermal updrafts.
Monitoring the performance of humidity sensors has become particularly relevant due to the lack of in-house production of humidity sensors in the Russian Federation and the logistical problems that have arisen. Humidity is subject to high…
Dependence of boundary layer thickness on layer height in laminar and transient regimes is studied for convection from localised heat source with an open surface. The measurements of Nusselt number and characteristic frequency of thermal…
This paper presents a statistical analysis of air temperature data from 32 stations in Italy and the UK up to 2000 m above sea level, from 2002 to 2021. The data came from both highland and lowland areas, in order to evaluate both the…