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Surface nanobubbles are complex micro- and nanoscale fluid systems. While thermodynamics is believed to dominate nanobubble dynamics, the precise mechanism by which nanobubble evolution is driven by thermodynamics remains unclear. It is…
A numerical study of normal glow discharge properties was performed in the case of small electrodes separations (0.05-0.4 cm) and moderate gas pressures (10-46 Torr). A recently observed new experimental effect of a considerable reduction…
Bubble nucleation at catalyst surfaces plays a critical role in the operation of electrolyzers. However, achieving controlled bubble nucleation remains challenging due to limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Here, we present…
It has been recently shown that nanobubbles exhibit a remarkable and unexpected stability. The lifetime of nanobubbles, formed either within liquids or on hydrophobic surfaces, can exceed by more than 10 orders of magnitude the theoretical…
Electrolytically generated gas bubbles can significantly hamper the overall electrolysis efficiency. Therefore it is crucial to understand their dynamics in order to optimise water electrolyzer systems. Here we demonstrate a distinct…
A brief analysis of the physics and effects of electrolytic gas evolution is presented. Aspects considered include bubble nucleation, growth, and detachment, enhancement of mass and heat transfer, and decrease of apparent electrical…
The stability and growth or dissolution of a single surface nanobubble on a chemically patterned surface are studied by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of binary mixtures consisting of Lennard-Jones (LJ) particles. Our simulations…
Experiments have not only revealed the remarkably long lifetime of nanobubbles, but also demonstrated the diffusive instability of bubbles above micrometers, thus a full-scale physical understanding on the stability of bubbles is in urgent…
Fluid phase equilibria involving nano-dispersed phases, where at least one of the coexisting phases is confined to a small volume, are investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. Complementing previous studies on nanoscopic droplets,…
The observed stability of nanobubbles contradicts the well-known result in classical nucleation theory, that the critical radius is both microscopic and thermodynamically unstable. Here nanoscopic stability is shown to be the combined…
Bubble coalescence can promote bubble departure at much smaller sizes compared to buoyancy. This can critically enhance the efficiency of gas-evolving electrochemical processes, such as water electrolysis. In this study, we integrate…
Understanding over-limiting current (faster than diffusion) is a long-standing challenge in electrochemistry with applications in desalination and energy storage. Known mechanisms involve either chemical or hydrodynamic instabilities in…
We present an experimental study on detachment characteristics of hydrogen bubbles during electrolysis. Using a transparent (Pt or Ni) electrode enables us to directly observe the bubble contact line and bubble size. Based on these…
In this paper, based on a theoretical model [1], it has been shown experimentally that the initial stage of development of a nanosecond breakdown in liquids is associated with the appearance of discontinuities in the liquid (cavitation)…
While growth and dissolution of surface nanobubbles has been widely studied in recent years, their stability under pressure changes or a temperature increase has not received the same level of scrutiny. Here, we present theoretical…
Assuming that the electroweak and QCD phase transitions are first order, upon supercooling, bubbles of the new phase appear. These bubbles grow to macroscopic sizes compared to the natural scales associated with the Compton wavelengths of…
The formation and evolution of immersed surface micro- and nanobubbles are essential in various practical applications, such as the usage of superhydrophobic rematerials, drug delivery, and mineral flotation. In this work, we investigate…
Surface nanobubbles are stable gaseous phases in liquids that form on solid substrates. While their existence has been confirmed, there are many open questions related to their formation and dissolution processes along with their structures…
Nanobubbles in liquids are mysterious gaseous objects having exceptional stability. They promise a wide range of applications but their production is not well controlled and localized. Alternating polarity electrolysis of water is a tool…
Electrogenerated gas nanobubbles strongly influence the performance of electrochemical energy-conversion systems, yet their nucleation and early evolution remain poorly understood due to limitations of existing experimental and…