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We conduct a large-scale measurement of developers' insecure practices leading to mini-app to super-app authentication bypass, among which hard-coding developer secrets for such authentication is a major contributor. We also analyze the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-07-19 Supraja Baskaran , Lianying Zhao , Mohammad Mannan , Amr Youssef

Mini-applications, commonly referred to as mini-apps, are compact software programs embedded within larger applications or platforms, offering targeted functionality without the need for separate installations. Typically web-based or…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-02-13 Liming Jiang

Mobile applications, particularly those from social media platforms such as WeChat and TikTok, are evolving into "super apps" that offer a wide range of services such as instant messaging and media sharing, e-commerce, e-learning, and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-06-16 Chao Wang , Yue Zhang , Zhiqiang Lin

As a new format of mobile application, mini programs, which function within a larger app and are built with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript web technology, have become the way to do almost everything in China. This paper presents our research on…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-05-31 Jianyi Zhang , Leixin Yang , Yuyang Han , Zhi Sun , Zixiao Xiang

Mini-app is an emerging form of mobile application that combines web technology with native capabilities. Its features, e.g., no need to download and no installation, have made it popular rapidly. However, privacy issues that violate the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-02-28 Yin Wang , Ming Fan , Junfeng Liu , Junjie Tao , Wuxia Jin , Qi Xiong , Yuhao Liu , Qinghua Zheng , Ting Liu

Android apps can hold secret strings of themselves such as cloud service credentials or encryption keys. Leakage of such secret strings can induce unprecedented consequences like monetary losses or leakage of user private information. In…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-15 Lili Wei , Heqing Huang , Shing-Chi Cheung , Kevin Li

Currently, Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are becoming increasingly popular to facilitate data transfer in a variety of mobile applications. These APIs often process sensitive user information through their endpoints, which are…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-10-24 Nate Haris , Kendree Chen , Ann Song , Benjamin Pou

Mini-programs, an emerging mobile application paradigm within super-apps, offer a seamless and installation-free experience. However, the adoption of the web-view component has disrupted their isolation mechanisms, exposing new attack…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-29 Miao Zhang , Shenao Wang , Guilin Zheng , Yanjie Zhao , Haoyu Wang

While extremely valuable to achieve advanced functions, mobile phone sensors can be abused by attackers to implement malicious activities in Android apps, as experimentally demonstrated by many state-of-the-art studies. There is hence a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-01-19 Xiaoyu Sun , Xiao Chen , Kui Liu , Sheng Wen , Li Li , John Grundy

Mobile apps are predominantly integrated with cloud services to benefit from enhanced functionalities. Adopting authentication using secrets such as API keys is crucial to ensure secure mobile-cloud interactions. However, developers often…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Kevin Li , Lin Ling , Jinqiu Yang , Lili Wei

Super-apps have emerged as comprehensive platforms integrating various mini-apps to provide diverse services. While super-apps offer convenience and enriched functionality, they can introduce new privacy risks. This paper reveals a new…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-14 Yifeng Cai , Ziqi Zhang , Mengyu Yao , Junlin Liu , Xiaoke Zhao , Xinyi Fu , Ruoyu Li , Zhe Li , Xiangqun Chen , Yao Guo , Ding Li

Mobile apps often embed authentication secrets, such as API keys, tokens, and client IDs, to integrate with cloud services. However, developers often hardcode these credentials into Android apps, exposing them to extraction through reverse…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-22 Marco Alecci , Jordan Samhi , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé , Jacques Klein

As privacy features in Android operating system improve, privacy-invasive apps may gradually shift their focus to non-standard and covert channels for leaking private user/device information. Such leaks also remain largely undetected by…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-10-03 Sajjad Pourali , Nayanamana Samarasinghe , Mohammad Mannan

Version control systems for source code, such as Git, are key tools in modern software development environments. Many developers use online services, such as GitHub or GitLab, for collaborative software development. While software projects…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-11-15 Alexander Krause , Jan H. Klemmer , Nicolas Huaman , Dominik Wermke , Yasemin Acar , Sascha Fahl

Security Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are crucial for ensuring software security. However, their misuse introduces vulnerabilities, potentially leading to severe data breaches and substantial financial loss. Complex API design,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-15 Zahra Mousavi , Chadni Islam , M. Ali Babar , Alsharif Abuadbba , Kristen Moore

The WeChat mini-game ecosystem faces rampant intellectual property theft to other platforms via secondary development, yet existing JavaScript obfuscation tools are ill-equipped for large-scale applications, suffering from prohibitive…

According to GitGuardian's monitoring of public GitHub repositories, the exposure of secrets (API keys and other credentials) increased two-fold in 2021 compared to 2020, totaling more than six million secrets. However, no benchmark dataset…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-03-14 Setu Kumar Basak , Lorenzo Neil , Bradley Reaves , Laurie Williams

The past few years have witnessed a boom of miniapps, as lightweight applications, miniapps are of great importance in the mobile internet sector. Consequently, the security of miniapps can directly impact compromising the integrity of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-11-21 Yuyang Han , Xu Ji , Zhiqiang Wang , Jianyi Zhang

The ubiquity of smartphones, and their very broad capabilities and usage, make the security of these devices tremendously important. Unfortunately, despite all progress in security and privacy mechanisms, vulnerabilities continue to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-06-03 Mohammad Ghafari , Pascal Gadient , Oscar Nierstrasz

In the digital era, accidental exposure of sensitive information such as API keys, tokens, and credentials is a growing security threat. While most prior work focuses on detecting secrets in source code, leakage in software issue reports…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Sadif Ahmed , Md Nafiu Rahman , Zahin Wahab , Gias Uddin , Rifat Shahriyar
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