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While there exists a large amount of literature on the general challenges of and best practices for trustworthy online A/B testing, there are limited studies on sample size estimation, which plays a crucial role in trustworthy and efficient…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2023-08-21 Jing Zhou , Jiannan Lu , Anas Shallah

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are increasingly prevalent in education research, and are often regarded as a gold standard of causal inference. Two main virtues of randomized experiments are that they (1) do not suffer from…

Companies offering web services routinely run randomized online experiments to estimate the causal impact associated with the adoption of new features and policies on key performance metrics of interest. These experiments are used to…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2023-07-13 Lorenzo Masoero , Doug Hains , James McQueen

In industry, online randomized controlled experiment (a.k.a. A/B experiment) is a standard approach to measure the impact of a causal change. These experiments have small treatment effect to reduce the potential blast radius. As a result,…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2025-05-29 Tanmoy Das , Dohyeon Lee , Arnab Sinha

Online experiments such as Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) or A/B-tests are the bread and butter of modern platforms on the web. They are conducted continuously to allow platforms to estimate the causal effect of replacing system…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-04-24 Olivier Jeunen

With the extensive use of digital devices, online experimental platforms are commonly used to conduct experiments to collect data for evaluating different variations of products, algorithms, and interface designs, a.k.a., A/B tests. In…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-07-09 Qiong Zhang , Lulu Kang , Xinwei Deng

A/B testing has become the cornerstone of decision-making in online markets, guiding how platforms launch new features, optimize pricing strategies, and improve user experience. In practice, we typically employ the pairwise $t$-test to…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-10-29 Junpeng Gong , Chunkai Wang , Hao Li , Jinyong Ma , Haoxuan Li , Xu He

Evaluating the causal effect of recommendations is an important objective because the causal effect on user interactions can directly leads to an increase in sales and user engagement. To select an optimal recommendation model, it is common…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-16 Masahiro Sato

A/B tests serve the purpose of reliably identifying the effect of changes introduced in online services. It is common for online platforms to run a large number of simultaneous experiments by splitting incoming user traffic randomly in…

E-commerce companies have a number of online products, such as organic search, sponsored search, and recommendation modules, to fulfill customer needs. Although each of these products provides a unique opportunity for users to interact with…

应用统计 · 统计学 2020-06-23 Xuan Yin , Liangjie Hong

The standard A/B testing approaches are mostly based on t-test in large scale industry applications. These standard approaches however suffers from low statistical power in business settings, due to nature of small sample-size or…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-12-30 Changshuai Wei , Phuc Nguyen , Benjamin Zelditch , Joyce Chen

A/B testing, or online experiment is a standard business strategy to compare a new product with an old one in pharmaceutical, technological, and traditional industries. Major challenges arise in online experiments of two-sided marketplace…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-04 Chengchun Shi , Xiaoyu Wang , Shikai Luo , Hongtu Zhu , Jieping Ye , Rui Song

Experimental testing is vital in the optimization of web applications, and as such A/B testing has been widely adopted as a methodology for determining optimal content for many web applications. While some testing platforms provide…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2017-10-04 Ian E. Fellows

Randomized controlled trials generate experimental variation that can credibly identify causal effects, but often suffer from limited scale, while observational datasets are large, but often violate desired identification assumptions. To…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2023-12-27 George Z. Gui

Online controlled experiments (A/B tests) have become the gold standard for learning the impact of new product features in technology companies. Randomization enables the inference of causality from an A/B test. The randomized assignment…

应用统计 · 统计学 2022-12-20 Qike Li , Samir Jamkhande , Pavel Kochetkov , Pai Liu

Randomized experiments (A/B testings) have become the standard way for web-facing companies to guide innovation, evaluate new products, and prioritize ideas. There are times, however, when running an experiment is too complicated (e.g., we…

应用统计 · 统计学 2019-03-20 Iavor Bojinov , Ye Tu , Min Liu , Ya Xu

The widespread adoption of online randomized controlled experiments (A/B Tests) for decision-making has created ongoing capacity constraints which necessitate interim analyses. As a consequence, platform users are increasingly motivated to…

Randomized experiments have become a cornerstone of evidence-based decision-making in contexts ranging from online platforms to public health. However, in experimental settings with network interference, a unit's treatment can influence…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-22 Sadegh Shirani , Yuwei Luo , William Overman , Ruoxuan Xiong , Mohsen Bayati

Randomized A/B comparisons of alternative pedagogical strategies or other course improvements could provide useful empirical evidence for instructor decision-making. However, traditional experiments do not provide a straightforward pathway…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2024-06-10 Ilya Musabirov , Angela Zavaleta-Bernuy , Pan Chen , Michael Liut , Joseph Jay Williams

Design of experiments and estimation of treatment effects in large-scale networks, in the presence of strong interference, is a challenging and important problem. Most existing methods' performance deteriorates as the density of the network…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2020-12-15 Preetam Nandy , Kinjal Basu , Shaunak Chatterjee , Ye Tu
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