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Statistical tests of pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) are applicable to any type of random number generators and are indispensable for evaluation. While several practical packages for statistical tests of randomness exist, they may…

统计计算 · 统计学 2018-09-18 Hiroshi Haramoto , Makoto Matsumoto

Automated unit test generation is critical for software quality but traditional structure-driven methods often lack the semantic understanding required to produce realistic inputs and oracles. Large language models (LLMs) address this…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-01-01 Bei Chu , Yang Feng , Kui Liu , Zhaoqiang Guo , Yichi Zhang , Hange Shi , Zifan Nan , Baowen Xu

Retriever-augmented generation (RAG) has become a widely adopted approach for enhancing the factual accuracy of large language models (LLMs). While current benchmarks evaluate the performance of RAG methods from various perspectives, they…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-04-08 Kepu Zhang , Zhongxiang Sun , Weijie Yu , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Yang Song , Han Li , Jun Xu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) transition from research environments to production deployments, evaluating their performance against strict Service Level Objectives (SLOs) has become critical. However, current evaluation methodologies…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Ashok Chandrasekar , Jason Kramberger

This paper introduces an approach for training o1-like RAG models that retrieve and reason over relevant information step by step before generating the final answer. Conventional RAG methods usually perform a single retrieval step before…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 Liang Wang , Haonan Chen , Nan Yang , Xiaolong Huang , Zhicheng Dou , Furu Wei

Despite impressive performance on standard benchmarks, deep neural networks are often brittle when deployed in real-world systems. Consequently, recent research has focused on testing the robustness of such models, resulting in a diverse…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-01-14 Karan Goel , Nazneen Rajani , Jesse Vig , Samson Tan , Jason Wu , Stephan Zheng , Caiming Xiong , Mohit Bansal , Christopher Ré

Contextual Embeddings have yielded state-of-the-art results in various natural language processing tasks. However, these embeddings are constrained by models requiring large amounts of data and huge computing power. This is an issue for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-28 Biraj Silwal

It is natural to suppose that a Large Language Model is more likely to generate correct test cases when prompted with correct code under test, compared to incorrect code under test. However, the size of this effect has never been previously…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-03-31 Dong Huang , Jie M. Zhang , Mark Harman , Mingzhe Du , Heming Cui

Traditional text embedding benchmarks primarily evaluate embedding models' capabilities to capture semantic similarity. However, more advanced NLP tasks require a deeper understanding of text, such as safety and factuality. These tasks…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 Simeng Han , Frank Palma Gomez , Tu Vu , Zefei Li , Daniel Cer , Hansi Zeng , Chris Tar , Arman Cohan , Gustavo Hernandez Abrego

Software testing is a prime factor in software industry. Besides knowing the importance of testing, only limited time is allocated for teaching it. It will be more efficient if testing is taught simultaneously with programming foundations.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2013-02-22 A. Anandaraj , P. Kalaivani , V. Rameshkumar

Evaluation of long-form, citation-backed reports has lately received significant attention due to the wide-scale adoption of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems. Core to many evaluation frameworks is the use of atomic facts, or…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is increasingly deployed in enterprise search and document-centric assistants, where responses must be grounded in long and complex source materials. In practice, verifying that generated answers…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Xunzhuo Liu , Bowei He , Xue Liu , Haichen Zhang , Huamin Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) synergizes the retrieval of pertinent data with the generative capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), ensuring that the generated output is not only contextually relevant but also accurate and…

Testing software is often costly due to the need of mass-producing test cases and providing a test oracle for it. This is often referred to as the oracle problem. One method that has been proposed in order to alleviate the oracle problem is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-02-19 Adrian Wildandyawan , Yasuharu Nishi

Software engineers are increasingly adding semantic search capabilities to applications using a strategy known as Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG). A RAG system involves finding documents that semantically match a query and then passing…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-02-05 Scott Barnett , Stefanus Kurniawan , Srikanth Thudumu , Zach Brannelly , Mohamed Abdelrazek

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly improves the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet standard pipelines often lack mechanisms to verify inter- mediate reasoning, leaving them vulnerable to hallucinations in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Eeham Khan , Luis Rodriguez , Marc Queudot

Reliably determining the performance of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems depends on comprehensive test questions. While a proliferation of evaluation frameworks for LLM-powered applications exists, current practices lack a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Noah Broestl , Adel Nasser Abdalla , Rajprakash Bale , Hersh Gupta , Max Struever

Given an input sequence (or prefix), modern language models often assign high probabilities to output sequences that are repetitive, incoherent, or irrelevant to the prefix; as such, model-generated text also contains such artifacts. To…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-16 Kalpesh Krishna , Yapei Chang , John Wieting , Mohit Iyyer

Ranking is used for a wide array of problems, most notably information retrieval (search). There are a number of popular approaches to the evaluation of ranking such as Kendall's $\tau$, Average Precision, and nDCG. When dealing with…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Denys Katerenchuk , Andrew Rosenberg

We propose a new method to measure the task-specific accuracy of Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (RAG). Evaluation is performed by scoring the RAG on an automatically-generated synthetic exam composed of multiple choice questions…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Gauthier Guinet , Behrooz Omidvar-Tehrani , Anoop Deoras , Laurent Callot