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``Benign overfitting'', the ability of certain algorithms to interpolate noisy training data and yet perform well out-of-sample, has been a topic of considerable recent interest. We show, using a fixed design setup, that an important class…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-04-14 Daniel Beaglehole , Mikhail Belkin , Parthe Pandit

Benign overfitting is a phenomenon in machine learning where a model perfectly fits (interpolates) the training data, including noisy examples, yet still generalizes well to unseen data. Understanding this phenomenon has attracted…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Junhyung Park , Patrick Bloebaum , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan

Overparameterized neural networks (NNs) are observed to generalize well even when trained to perfectly fit noisy data. This phenomenon motivated a large body of work on "benign overfitting", where interpolating predictors achieve…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-22 Guy Kornowski , Gilad Yehudai , Ohad Shamir

Modern deep learning models with great expressive power can be trained to overfit the training data but still generalize well. This phenomenon is referred to as \textit{benign overfitting}. Recently, a few studies have attempted to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-07 Yiwen Kou , Zixiang Chen , Yuanzhou Chen , Quanquan Gu

The phenomenon of benign overfitting, where a predictor perfectly fits noisy training data while attaining near-optimal expected loss, has received much attention in recent years, but still remains not fully understood beyond well-specified…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-04-18 Ohad Shamir

The problem of benign overfitting asks whether it is possible for a model to perfectly fit noisy training data and still generalize well. We study benign overfitting in two-layer leaky ReLU networks trained with the hinge loss on a binary…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-04 Kedar Karhadkar , Erin George , Michael Murray , Guido Montúfar , Deanna Needell

Existing large-dimensional theory for spectral algorithms resolves either the optimally tuned point or the interpolation limit, but leaves the under-regularized regime unexplored. We study the learning curve and benign overfitting of…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-04-28 Weihao Lu , Qian Lin , Yingcun Xia , Dongming Huang

The phenomenon of benign overfitting is one of the key mysteries uncovered by deep learning methodology: deep neural networks seem to predict well, even with a perfect fit to noisy training data. Motivated by this phenomenon, we consider…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-06-08 Peter L. Bartlett , Philip M. Long , Gábor Lugosi , Alexander Tsigler

Benign overfitting refers to how over-parameterized neural networks can fit training data perfectly and generalize well to unseen data. While this has been widely investigated theoretically, existing works are limited to two-layer networks…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-28 Shuning Shang , Xuran Meng , Yuan Cao , Difan Zou

Modern machine learning models often employ a huge number of parameters and are typically optimized to have zero training loss; yet surprisingly, they possess near-optimal prediction performance, contradicting classical learning theory. We…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-06-08 Zhu Li , Zhi-Hua Zhou , Arthur Gretton

We study the least-square regression problem with a two-layer fully-connected neural network, with ReLU activation function, trained by gradient flow. Our first result is a generalization result, that requires no assumptions on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Junhyung Park , Patrick Bloebaum , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan

The practical success of overparameterized neural networks has motivated the recent scientific study of interpolating methods, which perfectly fit their training data. Certain interpolating methods, including neural networks, can fit noisy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-17 Neil Mallinar , James B. Simon , Amirhesam Abedsoltan , Parthe Pandit , Mikhail Belkin , Preetum Nakkiran

Benign overfitting, the phenomenon where interpolating models generalize well in the presence of noisy data, was first observed in neural network models trained with gradient descent. To better understand this empirical observation, we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-04 Spencer Frei , Niladri S. Chatterji , Peter L. Bartlett

The remarkable practical success of deep learning has revealed some major surprises from a theoretical perspective. In particular, simple gradient methods easily find near-optimal solutions to non-convex optimization problems, and despite…

统计理论 · 数学 2021-03-17 Peter L. Bartlett , Andrea Montanari , Alexander Rakhlin

In this paper, we provide sufficient conditions of benign overfitting of fixed width leaky ReLU two-layer neural network classifiers trained on mixture data via gradient descent. Our results are derived by establishing directional…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Ichiro Hashimoto

This paper focuses on over-parameterized deep neural networks (DNNs) with ReLU activation functions and proves that when the data distribution is well-separated, DNNs can achieve Bayes-optimal test error for classification while obtaining…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-01 Zhenyu Zhu , Fanghui Liu , Grigorios G Chrysos , Francesco Locatello , Volkan Cevher

We study the generalization of two-layer ReLU neural networks in a univariate nonparametric regression problem with noisy labels. This is a problem where kernels (\emph{e.g.} NTK) are provably sub-optimal and benign overfitting does not…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-12 Dan Qiao , Kaiqi Zhang , Esha Singh , Daniel Soudry , Yu-Xiang Wang

Neural networks trained by gradient descent (GD) have exhibited a number of surprising generalization behaviors. First, they can achieve a perfect fit to noisy training data and still generalize near-optimally, showing that overfitting can…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-05 Zhiwei Xu , Yutong Wang , Spencer Frei , Gal Vardi , Wei Hu

Generalization performance of classifiers in deep learning has recently become a subject of intense study. Deep models, typically over-parametrized, tend to fit the training data exactly. Despite this "overfitting", they perform well on…

机器学习 · 统计学 2018-06-18 Mikhail Belkin , Siyuan Ma , Soumik Mandal

Modern neural networks often have great expressive power and can be trained to overfit the training data, while still achieving a good test performance. This phenomenon is referred to as "benign overfitting". Recently, there emerges a line…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-15 Yuan Cao , Zixiang Chen , Mikhail Belkin , Quanquan Gu
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