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Anomaly detection (AD) is the identification of data samples that do not fit a learned data distribution. As such, AD systems can help physicians to determine the presence, severity, and extension of a pathology. Deep generative models,…

T2 hyperintensities in spinal cord MR images are crucial biomarkers for conditions such as degenerative cervical myelopathy. However, current clinical diagnoses primarily rely on manual evaluation. Deep learning methods have shown promise…

Computer-aided diagnosis for low-dose computed tomography (CT) based on deep learning has recently attracted attention as a first-line automatic testing tool because of its high accuracy and low radiation exposure. However, existing methods…

Contrastive Analysis (CA) detects anomalies by contrasting patterns unique to a target group (e.g., unhealthy subjects) from those in a background group (e.g., healthy subjects). In the context of brain MRIs, existing CA approaches rely on…

As advancements in the field of breast cancer treatment continue to progress, the assessment of post-surgical cosmetic outcomes has gained increasing significance due to its substantial impact on patients' quality of life. However,…

Risk stratification (characterization) of tumors from radiology images can be more accurate and faster with computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tools. Tumor characterization through such tools can also enable non-invasive cancer staging,…

Unsupervised anomaly detection aims to detect defective parts of a sample by having access, during training, to a set of normal, i.e. defect-free, data. It has many applications in fields, such as industrial inspection or medical imaging,…

In this paper, we introduce a novel task termed unified anomaly detection and classification, which aims to simultaneously detect anomalous regions in images and identify their specific categories. Existing methods typically treat anomaly…

Anomaly detection is the problem of recognizing abnormal inputs based on the seen examples of normal data. Despite recent advances of deep learning in recognizing image anomalies, these methods still prove incapable of handling complex…

Semi-supervised learning relaxes the need of large pixel-wise labeled datasets for image segmentation by leveraging unlabeled data. A prominent way to exploit unlabeled data is to regularize model predictions. Since the predictions of…

The goal of unsupervised anomaly segmentation (UAS) is to detect the pixel-level anomalies unseen during training. It is a promising field in the medical imaging community, e.g, we can use the model trained with only healthy data to segment…

The detection of lesions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-scans of human brains remains challenging, time-consuming and error-prone. Recently, unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) methods have shown promising results for this task. These…

Anomalies are by definition rare, thus labeled examples are very limited or nonexistent, and likely do not cover unforeseen scenarios. Unsupervised learning methods that don't necessarily encounter anomalies in training would be immensely…

Medical imaging data suffers from the limited availability of annotation because annotating 3D medical data is a time-consuming and expensive task. Moreover, even if the annotation is available, supervised learning-based approaches suffer…

Obtaining labels for medical (image) data requires scarce and expensive experts. Moreover, due to ambiguous symptoms, single images rarely suffice to correctly diagnose a medical condition. Instead, it often requires to take additional…

Expert interpretation of anatomical images of the human brain is the central part of neuro-radiology. Several machine learning-based techniques have been proposed to assist in the analysis process. However, the ML models typically need to…

Tumor segmentation plays a critical role in histopathology, but it requires costly, fine-grained image-mask pairs annotated by pathologists. Thus, synthesizing histopathology data to expand the dataset is highly desirable. Previous works…

Radiography imaging protocols focus on particular body regions, therefore producing images of great similarity and yielding recurrent anatomical structures across patients. To exploit this structured information, we propose the use of…

Supervised deep learning techniques show promise in medical image analysis. However, they require comprehensive annotated data sets, which poses challenges, particularly for rare diseases. Consequently, unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD)…

It can be challenging to identify brain MRI anomalies using supervised deep-learning techniques due to anatomical heterogeneity and the requirement for pixel-level labeling. Unsupervised anomaly detection approaches provide an alternative…