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The Expected Calibration Error (ece), the dominant calibration metric in machine learning, compares predicted probabilities against empirical frequencies of binary outcomes. This is appropriate when labels are binary events. However, many…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Michael Leznik

While the expected calibration error (ECE), which employs binning, is widely adopted to evaluate the calibration performance of machine learning models, theoretical understanding of its estimation bias is limited. In this paper, we present…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Futoshi Futami , Masahiro Fujisawa

The deployment of machine learning classifiers in high-stakes domains requires well-calibrated confidence scores for model predictions. In this paper we introduce the notion of variable-based calibration to characterize calibration…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-04-07 Markelle Kelly , Padhraic Smyth

Neural network-based decisions tend to be overconfident, where their raw outcome probabilities do not align with the true decision probabilities. Calibration of neural networks is an essential step towards more reliable deep learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-19 Geetanjali Bihani , Julia Taylor Rayz

Uncertainty in probabilistic classifiers predictions is a key concern when models are used to support human decision making, in broader probabilistic pipelines or when sensitive automatic decisions have to be taken. Studies have shown that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-09 Nicolas Posocco , Antoine Bonnefoy

We propose the Variation Calibration Error (VCE) metric for assessing the calibration of machine learning classifiers. The metric can be viewed as an extension of the well-known Expected Calibration Error (ECE) which assesses the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-16 Andrew Thompson , Vivek Desai

This paper proposes a new metric to measure the calibration error of probabilistic binary classifiers, called test-based calibration error (TCE). TCE incorporates a novel loss function based on a statistical test to examine the extent to…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-06-27 Takuo Matsubara , Niek Tax , Richard Mudd , Ido Guy

In safety-critical applications data-driven models must not only be accurate but also provide reliable uncertainty estimates. This property, commonly referred to as calibration, is essential for risk-aware decision-making. In regression a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Jelke Wibbeke , Nico Schönfisch , Sebastian Rohjans , Andreas Rauh

For an AI system to be reliable, the confidence it expresses in its decisions must match its accuracy. To assess the degree of match, examples are typically binned by confidence and the per-bin mean confidence and accuracy are compared.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-14 Rebecca Roelofs , Nicholas Cain , Jonathon Shlens , Michael C. Mozer

Trustworthiness in neural networks is crucial for their deployment in critical applications, where reliability, confidence, and uncertainty play pivotal roles in decision-making. Traditional performance metrics such as accuracy and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-05 Koffi Ismael Ouattara , Ioannis Krontiris , Theo Dimitrakos , Frank Kargl

To be considered reliable, a model must be calibrated so that its confidence in each decision closely reflects its true outcome. In this blogpost we'll take a look at the most commonly used definition for calibration and then dive into a…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-09-16 Maja Pavlovic

While significant progress has been made in specifying neural networks capable of representing uncertainty, deep networks still often suffer from overconfidence and misaligned predictive distributions. Existing approaches for measuring this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Spencer Young , Riley Sinema , Cole Edgren , Andrew Hall , Nathan Dong , Porter Jenkins

Abstract Post hoc recalibration of prediction uncertainties of machine learning regression problems by isotonic regression might present a problem for bin-based calibration error statistics (e.g. ENCE). Isotonic regression often produces…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2023-06-09 Pascal Pernot

Understanding the confidence with which a machine learning model classifies an input datum is an important, and perhaps under-investigated, concept. In this paper, we propose a new calibration metric, the Entropic Calibration Difference…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-21 Daniel James Sumler , Lee Devlin , Simon Maskell , Richard O. Lane

Probabilistic classifiers output confidence scores along with their predictions, and these confidence scores should be calibrated, i.e., they should reflect the reliability of the prediction. Confidence scores that minimize standard metrics…

Deep neural networks have been shown to be highly miscalibrated. often they tend to be overconfident in their predictions. It poses a significant challenge for safety-critical systems to utilise deep neural networks (DNNs), reliably. Many…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-05-05 Aditya Singh , Alessandro Bay , Biswa Sengupta , Andrea Mirabile

Data-sparse settings such as robotic manipulation, molecular physics, and galaxy morphology classification are some of the hardest domains for deep learning. For these problems, equivariant networks can help improve modeling across…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Edward Berman , Jacob Ginesin , Marco Pacini , Robin Walters

Recent advances in machine learning have significantly improved prediction accuracy in various applications. However, ensuring the calibration of probabilistic predictions remains a significant challenge. Despite efforts to enhance model…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-08-05 Yan Sun , Pratik Chaudhari , Ian J. Barnett , Edgar Dobriban

Overconfidence and underconfidence in machine learning classifiers is measured by calibration: the degree to which the probabilities predicted for each class match the accuracy of the classifier on that prediction. How one measures…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-08-11 Jeremy Nixon , Mike Dusenberry , Ghassen Jerfel , Timothy Nguyen , Jeremiah Liu , Linchuan Zhang , Dustin Tran

Most machine learning classifiers are designed to output posterior probabilities for the classes given the input sample. These probabilities may be used to make the categorical decision on the class of the sample; provided as input to a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-08-07 Luciana Ferrer , Daniel Ramos
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