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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have succeeded in various computer science applications, yet deep GNNs underperform their shallow counterparts despite deep learning's success in other domains. Over-smoothing and over-squashing are key…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-08-14 Jhony H. Giraldo , Konstantinos Skianis , Thierry Bouwmans , Fragkiskos D. Malliaros

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with equivariant properties have achieved significant success in modeling complex dynamic systems and molecular properties. However, their expressiveness ability is limited by: (1) Existing methods often…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Yingxu Wang , Nan Yin , Mingyan Xiao , Xinhao Yi , Siwei Liu , Shangsong Liang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful deep learning methods for Non-Euclidean data. Popular GNNs are message-passing algorithms (MPNNs) that aggregate and combine signals in a local graph neighborhood. However, shallow MPNNs tend to…

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a popular technique for modelling graph-structured data and computing node-level representations via aggregation of information from the neighborhood of each node. However, this aggregation implies an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-08-30 Ameya Daigavane , Gagan Madan , Aditya Sinha , Abhradeep Guha Thakurta , Gaurav Aggarwal , Prateek Jain

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) are known to suffer from performance degradation as the number of layers increases, which is usually attributed to over-smoothing. Despite the apparent consensus, we observe that there exists a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-29 Weilin Cong , Morteza Ramezani , Mehrdad Mahdavi

Message passing is a core mechanism in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), enabling the iterative update of node embeddings by aggregating information from neighboring nodes. Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) exemplify this approach by adapting…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Mayssa Soussia , Gita Ayu Salsabila , Mohamed Ali Mahjoub , Islem Rekik

Oversmoothing has been recognized as a main obstacle to building deep Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), limiting the performance. This position paper argues that the influence of oversmoothing has been overstated and advocates for a further…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 MoonJeong Park , Sunghyun Choi , Jaeseung Heo , Eunhyeok Park , Dongwoo Kim

Deep Graph Neural Networks struggle with oversmoothing. This paper introduces a novel, physics-inspired GNN model designed to mitigate this issue. Our approach integrates with existing GNN architectures, introducing an entropy-aware message…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-08 Philipp Nazari , Oliver Lemke , Davide Guidobene , Artiom Gesp

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) learn node representations through iterative network-based message-passing. While powerful, deep GNNs suffer from oversmoothing, where node features converge to a homogeneous, non-informative state. We re-frame…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-18 Erkan Turan , Gaspard Abel , Maysam Behmanesh , Emery Pierson , Maks Ovsjanikov

We propose Scalable Message Passing Neural Networks (SMPNNs) and demonstrate that, by integrating standard convolutional message passing into a Pre-Layer Normalization Transformer-style block instead of attention, we can produce…

Implicit Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved significant success in addressing graph learning problems recently. However, poorly designed implicit GNN layers may have limited adaptability to learn graph metrics, experience…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-16 Guoji Fu , Mohammed Haroon Dupty , Yanfei Dong , Lee Wee Sun

In recent years, hypergraph learning has attracted great attention due to its capacity in representing complex and high-order relationships. However, current neural network approaches designed for hypergraphs are mostly shallow, thus…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-03 Guanzi Chen , Jiying Zhang , Xi Xiao , Yang Li

State-of-the-art Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have limited scalability with respect to the graph and model sizes. On large graphs, increasing the model depth often means exponential expansion of the scope (i.e., receptive field). Beyond…

Graph Convolution Networks (GCN) are widely used in learning graph representations due to their effectiveness and efficiency. However, they suffer from the notorious over-smoothing problem, in which the learned representations of densely…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-04-10 Xin Xin , Alexandros Karatzoglou , Ioannis Arapakis , Joemon M. Jose

Message passing is the core operation in graph neural networks, where each node updates its embeddings by aggregating information from its neighbors. However, in deep architectures, this process often leads to diminished expressiveness. A…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Mohammad Shirzadi , Ali Safarpoor Dehkordi , Ahad N. Zehmakan

Despite the wide application of Graph Convolutional Network (GCN), one major limitation is that it does not benefit from the increasing depth and suffers from the oversmoothing problem. In this work, we first characterize this phenomenon…

Over-smoothing remains a major challenge in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), where repeated message passing causes node representations to converge and lose discriminative power. To address this, we propose a novel node selection strategy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-29 Hyunsik Yun

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) suffer from performance degradation when models go deeper. However, earlier works only attributed the performance degeneration to over-smoothing. In this paper, we conduct theoretical and experimental…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-24 Weigang Lu , Yibing Zhan , Binbin Lin , Ziyu Guan , Liu Liu , Baosheng Yu , Wei Zhao , Yaming Yang , Dacheng Tao

Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (GCNNs) are generalizations of CNNs to graph-structured data, in which convolution is guided by the graph topology. In many cases where graphs are unavailable, existing methods manually construct graphs…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-09-17 Xiang Gao , Wei Hu , Zongming Guo

We study the problem of semi-supervised learning on graphs, for which graph neural networks (GNNs) have been extensively explored. However, most existing GNNs inherently suffer from the limitations of over-smoothing, non-robustness, and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-22 Wenzheng Feng , Jie Zhang , Yuxiao Dong , Yu Han , Huanbo Luan , Qian Xu , Qiang Yang , Evgeny Kharlamov , Jie Tang