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We present the first in depth study on the robustness of existing watermarking techniques applied to code generated by large language models (LLMs). As LLMs increasingly contribute to software development, watermarking has emerged as a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-21 Tarun Suresh , Shubham Ugare , Gagandeep Singh , Sasa Misailovic

Due to the current progress in Internet, digital contents (video, audio and images) are widely used. Distribution of multimedia contents is now faster and it allows for easy unauthorized reproduction of information. Digital watermarking…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-10-25 Mohamed Hamidi , Mohamed El Haziti , Hocine Cherifi , Driss Aboutajdine

With the rapid rise of large models, copyright protection for generated image content has become a critical security challenge. Although deep learning watermarking techniques offer an effective solution for digital image copyright…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Shaowu Wu , Liting Zeng , Wei Lu , Xiangyang Luo

Watermarking has emerged as a promising solution for tracing and authenticating text generated by large language models (LLMs). A common approach to LLM watermarking is to construct a green/red token list and assign higher or lower…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Li An , Yujian Liu , Yepeng Liu , Yuheng Bu , Yang Zhang , Shiyu Chang

One of the effective methods for the preservation of copyright ownership of digital media is watermarking. Different watermarking techniques try to set a tradeoff between robustness and transparency of the process. In this research work, we…

多媒体 · 计算机科学 2019-11-05 Maedeh Jamali , Mahnoosh Bagheri , Nader Karimi , Shadrokh Samavi

Diffusion models have made substantial advances in recent years, enabling high-quality image synthesis; however, the widespread dissemination and reuse of their outputs have introduced new challenges in intellectual property protection and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Yuqi Qian , Yun Cao , Haocheng Fu , Meiyang Lv , Meineng Zhu

Natural language generation (NLG) applications have gained great popularity due to the powerful deep learning techniques and large training corpus. The deployed NLG models may be stolen or used without authorization, while watermarking has…

多媒体 · 计算机科学 2021-12-13 Tao Xiang , Chunlong Xie , Shangwei Guo , Jiwei Li , Tianwei Zhang

Image watermarking involves embedding and extracting watermarks within a cover image, with deep learning approaches emerging to bolster generalization and robustness. Predominantly, current methods employ convolution and concatenation for…

多媒体 · 计算机科学 2023-10-10 Agnibh Dasgupta , Xin Zhong

Watermarking is a commonly used strategy to protect creators' rights to digital images, videos and audio. Recently, watermarking methods have been extended to deep learning models -- in principle, the watermark should be preserved when an…

Watermarking of large language models (LLMs) generation embeds an imperceptible statistical pattern within texts, making it algorithmically detectable. Watermarking is a promising method for addressing potential harm and biases from LLMs,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-09 Lingjie Chen , Ruizhong Qiu , Siyu Yuan , Zhining Liu , Tianxin Wei , Hyunsik Yoo , Zhichen Zeng , Deqing Yang , Hanghang Tong

This paper addresses copyright protection as a major security demand in digital marketplaces. Two watermarking techniques are proposed and compared for compressed and uncompressed video with the intention to show the advantages and the…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2009-12-10 Jamal Hussein , Aree Mohammed

Watermarking methods have always been effective means of protecting intellectual property, yet they face significant challenges. Although existing deep learning-based watermarking systems can hide watermarks in images with minimal impact on…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Xuan Ding , Xiu Yan , Chuanlong Xie , Yao Zhu

The proliferation of AI-generated images has intensified the need for robust content authentication methods. We present InvisMark, a novel watermarking technique designed for high-resolution AI-generated images. Our approach leverages…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-21 Rui Xu , Mengya Hu , Deren Lei , Yaxi Li , David Lowe , Alex Gorevski , Mingyu Wang , Emily Ching , Alex Deng

The rapid advancement of deep learning has turned models into highly valuable assets due to their reliance on massive data and costly training processes. However, these models are increasingly vulnerable to leakage and theft, highlighting…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Yunfei Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Zhendong Zhao , Yu Zhou , Xiaoyan Gu , Juan Cao

Large language models now produce text indistinguishable from human writing, which increases the need for reliable provenance tracing. Multi-bit watermarking can embed identifiers into generated text, but existing methods struggle to keep…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Xuehao Cui , Ruibo Chen , Yihan Wu , Heng Huang

As large language models (LLMs) generate increasingly human-like text, watermarking has emerged as a promising solution for reliable attribution beyond mere detection. While multi-bit watermarking enables richer provenance encoding,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Yidan Wang , Yubing Ren , Yanan Cao , Li Guo

Watermarking is a tool for actively identifying and attributing the images generated by latent diffusion models. Existing methods face the dilemma of image quality and watermark robustness. Watermarks with superior image quality usually…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-09-27 Zheling Meng , Bo Peng , Jing Dong

The proliferation of AI-generated content brings significant concerns on the forensic and security issues such as source tracing, copyright protection, etc, highlighting the need for effective watermarking technologies. Font-based text…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-04-07 Kahim Wong , Jicheng Zhou , Kemou Li , Yain-Whar Si , Xiaowei Wu , Jiantao Zhou

Notwithstanding offering convenience and entertainment to society, Deepfake face swapping has caused critical privacy issues with the rapid development of deep generative models. Due to imperceptible artifacts in high-quality synthetic…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Tianyi Wang , Mengxiao Huang , Harry Cheng , Bin Ma , Yinglong Wang

This paper introduces EmMark,a novel watermarking framework for protecting the intellectual property (IP) of embedded large language models deployed on resource-constrained edge devices. To address the IP theft risks posed by malicious…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-02-29 Ruisi Zhang , Farinaz Koushanfar