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Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) and SAT solvers are critical components in many formal software tools, primarily due to the fact that they are able to easily solve logical problem instances with millions of variables and clauses. This…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2021-09-06 Gereon Kremer , Erika Abraham , Vijay Ganesh

We propose ImitSAT, a branching policy for conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) solvers based on imitation learning for the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT). Unlike previous methods that predict instance-level signals to improve CDCL…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Zewei Zhang , Huan Liu , Yuanhao Yu , Jun Chen , Xiangyu Xu

The dramatic improvements in combinatorial optimization algorithms over the last decades have had a major impact in artificial intelligence, operations research, and beyond, but the output of current state-of-the-art solvers is often hard…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2022-09-27 Stephan Gocht , Jakob Nordström

Many state-of-the-art Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers for the theory of fixed-size bit-vectors employ an approach called bit-blasting, where a given formula is translated into a Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem and…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2019-07-04 Alex Ozdemir , Aina Niemetz , Mathias Preiner , Yoni Zohar , Clark Barrett

The Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem lies at the core of many applications in combinatorial optimization, software verification, cryptography, and machine learning. While state-of-the-art solvers have demonstrated high efficiency in…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Zhiwei Zhang , Samy Wu Fung , Anastasios Kyrillidis , Stanley Osher , Moshe Y. Vardi

The use of Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) solver for hardware verification incurs exponential run-time in several instances. In this work we have proposed an efficient quantum SAT (qSAT) solver for equivalence checking of Boolean circuits…

We explore the potential of continuous local search (CLS) in SAT solving by proposing a novel approach for finding a solution of a hybrid system of Boolean constraints. The algorithm is based on CLS combined with belief propagation on…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-06-15 Anastasios Kyrillidis , Moshe Y. Vardi , Zhiwei Zhang

Over the past several decades, CDCL SAT solvers have proven remarkably effective on large industrial formulas, despite SAT being NP-complete and widely believed to be intractable. While considerable empirical research has been done on…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Shimin Zhang , Yechuan Xia , Chunxiao Li , Jianwen Li , Moshe Y. Vardi , Vijay Ganesh

State-of-the-art SAT solvers are nowadays able to handle huge real-world instances. The key to this success is the so-called Conflict-Driven Clause-Learning (CDCL) scheme, which encompasses a number of techniques that exploit the conflicts…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-02-27 Robert Nieuwenhuis , Albert Oliveras , Enric Rodriguez-Carbonell

Parity reasoning is challenging for Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) SAT solvers. This has been observed even for simple formulas encoding two contradictory parity constraints with different variable orders (Chew and Heule 2020). We…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2024-02-02 Leroy Chew , Alexis de Colnet , Friedrich Slivovsky , Stefan Szeider

The decision variable selection policy used by the most competitive CDCL (Conflict-Driven Clause Learning) SAT solvers is either VSIDS (Variable State Independent Decaying Sum) or its variants such as exponential version EVSIDS. The common…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2016-04-05 Jingchao Chen

Circuit Satisfiability (CSAT) plays a pivotal role in Electronic Design Automation. The standard workflow for solving CSAT problems converts circuits into Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF) and employs generic SAT solvers powered by…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Jiaying Zhu , Ziyang Zheng , Zhengyuan Shi , Yalun Cai , Qiang Xu

We prove that conflict-driven clause learning SAT-solvers with the ordered decision strategy and the DECISION learning scheme are equivalent to ordered resolution. We also prove that, by replacing this learning scheme with its opposite that…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2019-09-11 Nathan Mull , Shuo Pang , Alexander Razborov

In order to classify the indeterministic termination behavior of the open source SAT solver CryptoMiniSat in multi-threading mode while processing hard to solve boolean satisfiability problem instances, internal solver runtime parameters…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-12-20 A. -M. Leventi-Peetz , Jörg-Volker Peetz , Martina Rohde

Propositional satisfiability (SAT) is an NP-complete problem that impacts many research fields, such as planning, verification, and security. Mainstream modern SAT solvers are based on the Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) algorithm.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-05-10 Wenxi Wang , Yang Hu , Mohit Tiwari , Sarfraz Khurshid , Kenneth McMillan , Risto Miikkulainen

The Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) can be solved efficiently with variants of the DPLL algorithm. For industrial SAT problems, DPLL with conflict analysis dependent dynamic decision heuristics has proved to be particularly efficient,…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2007-05-23 Raihan H. Kibria

Because CDCL produces proofs in the Resolution proof system, problems provably hard for Resolution are also provably hard for CDCL. Exponentially shorter proofs can sometimes be found using stronger proof systems such as…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Paul Beame , Glenn Sun

Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) and Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) are widely used in automated verification, but there is a lack of interactive tools designed for educational purposes in this field. To address this gap, we present…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-08-16 Yiqi Zhao , Ziyan An , Meiyi Ma , Taylor Johnson

Modern software for propositional satisfiability problems gives a powerful automated reasoning toolkit, capable of outputting not only a satisfiable/unsatisfiable signal but also a justification of unsatisfiability in the form of resolution…

Constrained Horn Clauses (CHCs) are often used in automated program verification. Thus, techniques for (dis-)proving satisfiability of CHCs are a very active field of research. On the other hand, acceleration techniques for computing…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2023-07-17 Florian Frohn , Jürgen Giesl