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Proponents of software verification have argued that simpler code is easier to verify: that is, that verification tools issue fewer false positives and require less human intervention when analyzing simpler code. We empirically validate…

Understanding how developers combine programming languages in practice reveals the hidden structure of the software ecosystem: which languages are used as complements, which define coherent technology stacks, and which bridge disparate…

Third-party libraries are a central building block to develop software systems. However, outdated third-party libraries are commonly used, and developers are usually less aware of the potential risks. Therefore, a quantitative and holistic…

In the ever-evolving field of Deep Learning (DL), ensuring project quality and reliability remains a crucial challenge. This research investigates testing practices within DL projects in GitHub. It quantifies the adoption of testing…

Software projects use Issue Tracking Systems (ITS) like JIRA to track issues and organize the workflows around them. Issues are often inter-connected via different links such as the default JIRA link types Duplicate, Relate, Block, or…

JSON is an essential file and data format in do-mains that span scientific computing, web APIs or configuration management. Its popularity has motivated significant software development effort to build multiple libraries to process JSON…

Suboptimal code is prevalent in software systems. Developers often write low-quality code due to factors like technical knowledge gaps, insufficient experience, time pressure, management decisions, or personal factors. Once integrated, the…

The cost of software maintenance often surpasses the initial development expenses, making it a significant concern for the software industry. A key strategy for alleviating future maintenance burdens is the early prediction and…

We systematically study the quality of 4,066 ChatGPT-generated code implemented in two popular programming languages, i.e., Java and Python, for 2,033 programming tasks. The goal of this work is three folds. First, we analyze the…

Quality assurance (QA) tools are receiving more and more attention and are widely used by developers. Given the wide range of solutions for QA technology, it is still a question of evaluating QA tools. Most existing research is limited in…

Annotations have been formally introduced into Java since Java 5. Since then, annotations have been widely used by the Java community for different purposes, such as compiler guidance and runtime processing. Despite the ever-growing use,…

As programmers write code, they often edit and retry multiple times, creating rich "interaction traces" that reveal how they approach coding tasks and provide clues about their level of skill development. For novice programmers in…

Open-source libraries are widely used by software developers to speed up the development of products, however, they can introduce security vulnerabilities, leading to incidents like Log4Shell. With the expanding usage of open-source…

Developers use tools such as GitHub pull requests to review code, discuss proposed changes, and request modifications. While changed files are commonly presented in alphabetical order, this does not necessarily coincide with the reviewer's…

Refactoring is a widespread practice that helps developers to improve the maintainability and readability of their code. However, there is a limited number of studies empirically investigating the actual motivations behind specific…

The usage of Python idioms is popular among Python developers in a formative study of 101 performance-related questions of Python idioms on Stack Overflow, we find that developers often get confused about the performance impact of Python…

The number of people accessing online services is increasing day by day, and with new users, comes a greater need for effective and responsive cyber-security. Our goal in this study was to find out if there are common patterns within the…

There are many programming languages in the world today.Each language has their advantage and disavantage. In this paper, we will discuss ten programming languages: C++, C#, Java, Groovy, JavaScript, PHP, Schalar, Scheme, Haskell and…

In object-oriented programming languages, a belief exists that classes with -Er/-Or and -Utils suffixes are "code smells" because they take over a lot of functional responsibility, turning out to be bulky and complicated, and therefore…

Programming languages are essential tools for developers, and their evolution plays a crucial role in supporting the activities of developers. One instance of programming language evolution is the introduction of syntactic sugars, which are…