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Deep learning models are one of the security strategies, trained on extensive datasets, and play a critical role in detecting and responding to these threats by recognizing complex patterns in malicious code. However, the opaque nature of…

Deep learning (DL) frameworks are essential to DL-based software systems, and framework bugs may lead to substantial disasters, thus requiring effective testing. Researchers adopt DL models or single interfaces as test inputs and analyze…

Deep learning (DL) models have been popular due to their ability to learn directly from the raw data in an end-to-end paradigm, alleviating the concern of a separate error-prone feature extraction phase. Recent DL-based neuroimaging studies…

Contemporary DNN testing works are frequently conducted using metamorphic testing (MT). In general, de facto MT frameworks mutate DNN input images using semantics-preserving mutations and determine if DNNs can yield consistent predictions.…

Using large language models (LLMs) to perform natural language processing (NLP) tasks has become increasingly pervasive in recent times. The versatile nature of LLMs makes them applicable to a wide range of such tasks. While the performance…

The remarkable success of deep learning has prompted interest in its application to medical imaging diagnosis. Even though state-of-the-art deep learning models have achieved human-level accuracy on the classification of different types of…

Deep learning (DL) has emerged as a promising tool to downscale climate projections at regional-to-local scales from large-scale atmospheric fields following the perfect-prognosis (PP) approach. Given their complexity, it is crucial to…

Deep learning (DL) algorithms are considered as a methodology of choice for remote-sensing image analysis over the past few years. Due to its effective applications, deep learning has also been introduced for automatic change detection and…

Deep Learning has already been successfully applied to analyze industrial sensor data in a variety of relevant use cases. However, the opaque nature of many well-performing methods poses a major obstacle for real-world deployment.…

A key issue in critical contexts such as medical diagnosis is the interpretability of the deep learning models adopted in decision-making systems. Research in eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is trying to solve this issue. However,…

Conventionally, AI models are thought to trade off explainability for lower accuracy. We develop a training strategy that not only leads to a more explainable AI system for object classification, but as a consequence, suffers no perceptible…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in Natural Language Processing but remain vulnerable to fairness-related issues, often reflecting biases inherent in their training data. These biases pose risks, particularly when…

Deep Learning (DL) is penetrating into a diverse range of mass mobility, smart living, and industrial applications, rapidly transforming the way we live and work. DL is at the heart of many AI implementations. A key set of challenges is to…

A large set of the explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) literature is emerging on feature relevance techniques to explain a deep neural network (DNN) output or explaining models that ingest image source data. However, assessing how XAI…

The nondeterminism of Deep Learning (DL) training algorithms and its influence on the explainability of neural network (NN) models are investigated in this work with the help of image classification examples. To discuss the issue, two…

Deepfakes utilise Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to create synthetic media where the likeness of one person is replaced with another. There are growing concerns that deepfakes can be maliciously used to create misleading and…

Deep learning (DL) has achieved great success in many applications, but it has been less well analyzed from the theoretical perspective. The unexplainable success of black-box DL models has raised questions among scientists and promoted the…

Deep learning models are widely used for image analysis. While they offer high performance in terms of accuracy, people are concerned about if these models inappropriately make inferences using irrelevant features that are not encoded from…

Effective recognition of acute and difficult-to-heal wounds is a necessary step in wound diagnosis. An efficient classification model can help wound specialists classify wound types with less financial and time costs and also help in…

The use of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) schemes has increased dramatically since their first introduction in 2015. Though uses in many different applications are being found, they still have a problem with the lack of interpretability.…