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Despite being trained on massive and diverse datasets, speech self-supervised encoders are generally used for downstream purposes as mere frozen feature extractors or model initializers before fine-tuning. The former severely limits the…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a powerful tool that allows learning of underlying representations from unlabeled data. Transformer based models such as wav2vec 2.0 and HuBERT are leading the field in the speech domain. Generally these…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for learning flexible speech representations from unlabeled data. By designing pretext tasks that exploit statistical regularities, SSL models can capture useful…

Pre-trained models, especially self-supervised learning (SSL) models, have demonstrated impressive results in automatic speech recognition (ASR) task. While most applications of SSL models focus on leveraging continuous representations as…

Automated speaking assessment (ASA) typically involves automatic speech recognition (ASR) and hand-crafted feature extraction from the ASR transcript of a learner's speech. Recently, self-supervised learning (SSL) has shown stellar…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has become the de facto training paradigm of large models where pre-training is followed by supervised fine-tuning using domain-specific data and labels. Hypothesizing that SSL models would learn more generic,…

Speech encoders pretrained through self-supervised learning (SSL) have demonstrated remarkable performance in various downstream tasks, including Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) and Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). For instance,…

Integrating front-end speech enhancement (SE) models with self-supervised learning (SSL)-based speech models is effective for downstream tasks in noisy conditions. SE models are commonly fine-tuned using SSL representations with mean…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is the latest breakthrough in speech processing, especially for label-scarce downstream tasks by leveraging massive unlabeled audio data. The noise robustness of the SSL is one of the important challenges to…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has been able to leverage unlabeled data to boost the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) models when we have access to only a small amount of transcribed speech data. However, this raises the…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has grown in interest within the speech processing community, since it produces representations that are useful for many downstream tasks. SSL uses global and contextual methods to produce robust…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) leverages large datasets of unlabeled speech to reach impressive performance with reduced amounts of annotated data. The high number of proposed approaches fostered the emergence of comprehensive benchmarks…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) models like WavLM can be effectively utilized when building speaker diarization systems but are often large and slow, limiting their use in resource constrained scenarios. Previous studies have explored…

Recent advancements in Deep and Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) have led to substantial improvements in Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) performance, reaching unprecedented levels. However, obtaining sufficient amounts of accurately labeled…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a powerful technique for learning rich representations from unlabeled data. The data representations are able to capture many underlying attributes of data, and be useful in downstream…

There is a growing interest in cost-effective self-supervised fine-tuning (SSFT) of self-supervised learning (SSL)-based speech models to obtain task-specific representations. These task-specific representations are used for robust…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) foundation models have emerged as powerful, domain-agnostic, general-purpose feature extractors applicable to a wide range of tasks. Such models pre-trained on human speech have demonstrated high…

Self-supervised learned (SSL) models such as Wav2vec and HuBERT yield state-of-the-art results on speech-related tasks. Given the effectiveness of such models, it is advantageous to use them in conventional ASR systems. While some…

ML-SUPERB evaluates self-supervised learning (SSL) models on the tasks of language identification and automatic speech recognition (ASR). This benchmark treats the models as feature extractors and uses a single shallow downstream model,…

Automatic speech recognition systems have undoubtedly advanced with the integration of multilingual and multitask models such as Whisper, which have shown a promising ability to understand and process speech across a wide range of…