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Attention mechanism is one of the most successful techniques in deep learning based Natural Language Processing (NLP). The transformer network architecture is completely based on attention mechanisms, and it outperforms sequence-to-sequence…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-06-30 Sevinj Yolchuyeva , Géza Németh , Bálint Gyires-Tóth

Grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) conversion is a crucial step in Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems, responsible for mapping grapheme to corresponding phonetic representations. However, it faces ambiguities problems where the same grapheme can represent…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-03-21 Dongrui Han , Mingyu Cui , Jiawen Kang , Xixin Wu , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

Grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) conversion is the process of converting the written form of words to their pronunciations. It has an important role for text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis and automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. In this paper,…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-02-24 Chendong Zhao , Jianzong Wang , Xiaoyang Qu , Haoqian Wang , Jing Xiao

Grapheme-to-phoneme conversion (g2p) is necessary for text-to-speech and automatic speech recognition systems. Most g2p systems are monolingual: they require language-specific data or handcrafting of rules. Such systems are difficult to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2017-10-05 Ben Peters , Jon Dehdari , Josef van Genabith

Grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) models are a key component in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems, such as the ASR system in Alexa, as they are used to generate pronunciations for out-of-vocabulary words that do not exist in the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-06-30 Alex Sokolov , Tracy Rohlin , Ariya Rastrow

The task of grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) conversion is important for both speech recognition and synthesis. Similar to other speech and language processing tasks, in a scenario where only small-sized training data are available, learning G2P…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-06-25 Kaili Vesik , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed , Miikka Silfverberg

The Grapheme-to-Phoneme (G2P) task aims to convert orthographic input into a discrete phonetic representation. G2P conversion is beneficial to various speech processing applications, such as text-to-speech and speech recognition. However,…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-08-01 Manuel Sam Ribeiro , Giulia Comini , Jaime Lorenzo-Trueba

Grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) conversion is a key front-end for text-to-speech (TTS), automatic speech recognition (ASR), speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) and alignment systems, especially across multiple Latin-script languages.We present…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-04 Luis Felipe Chary , Miguel Arjona Ramirez

Grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) conversion is critical in speech processing, particularly for applications like speech synthesis. G2P systems must possess linguistic understanding and contextual awareness of languages with polyphone words and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-16 Mahta Fetrat Qharabagh , Zahra Dehghanian , Hamid R. Rabiee

Grapheme-to-Phoneme (G2P) is an essential first step in any modern, high-quality Text-to-Speech (TTS) system. Most of the current G2P systems rely on carefully hand-crafted lexicons developed by experts. This poses a two-fold problem.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-22 Abhinav Garg , Jiyeon Kim , Sushil Khyalia , Chanwoo Kim , Dhananjaya Gowda

Grapheme-to-Phoneme (G2P) models convert words to their phonetic pronunciations. Classic G2P methods include rule-based systems and pronunciation dictionaries, while modern G2P systems incorporate learning, such as, LSTM and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-04-12 Eric Engelhart , Mahsa Elyasi , Gaurav Bharaj

Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer (T5) has recently been considered for the Grapheme-to-Phoneme (G2P) transduction. As a follow-up, a tokenizer-free byte-level model based on T5 referred to as ByT5, recently gave promising results on…

We propose CC-G2PnP, a streaming grapheme-to-phoneme and prosody (G2PnP) model to connect large language model and text-to-speech in a streaming manner. CC-G2PnP is based on Conformer-CTC architecture. Specifically, the input grapheme…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-02-20 Yuma Shirahata , Ryuichi Yamamoto

Grapheme-based acoustic modeling has recently been shown to outperform phoneme-based approaches in both hybrid and end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR), even on non-phonemic languages like English. However, graphemic ASR still has…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-02-17 Duc Le , Thilo Koehler , Christian Fuegen , Michael L. Seltzer

In this study, we tackle massively multilingual grapheme-to-phoneme conversion through implementing G2P models based on ByT5. We have curated a G2P dataset from various sources that covers around 100 languages and trained large-scale…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-07-05 Jian Zhu , Cong Zhang , David Jurgens

End-to-end speech synthesis models directly convert the input characters into an audio representation (e.g., spectrograms). Despite their impressive performance, such models have difficulty disambiguating the pronunciations of identically…

声音 · 计算机科学 2022-07-29 Artem Ploujnikov , Mirco Ravanelli

Phoneme-based ASR factorizes recognition into speech-to-phoneme (S2P) and phoneme-to-grapheme (P2G), enabling cross-lingual acoustic sharing while keeping language-specific orthography in a separate module. While large language models…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-04-01 Lukuang Dong , Ziwei Li , Saierdaer Yusuyin , Xianyu Zhao , Zhijian Ou

In automatic speech recognition (ASR), phoneme-based multilingual pre-training and crosslingual fine-tuning is attractive for its high data efficiency and competitive results compared to subword-based models. However, Weighted Finite State…

声音 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Te Ma , Min Bi , Saierdaer Yusuyin , Hao Huang , Zhijian Ou

Automatic Phoneme Recognition (APR) systems are often trained using pseudo phoneme-level annotations generated from text through Grapheme-to-Phoneme (G2P) systems. These G2P systems frequently output multiple possible pronunciations per…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-09-09 Henry Grafé , Hugo Van hamme

For end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models, recognizing personal or rare phrases can be hard. A promising way to improve accuracy is through spelling correction (or rewriting) of the ASR lattice, where potentially…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-26 Leonid Velikovich , Christopher Li , Diamantino Caseiro , Shankar Kumar , Pat Rondon , Kandarp Joshi , Xavier Velez
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