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The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has accelerated the transition from conversational chatbots to general agents. However, effectively balancing empathetic communication with budget-aware decision-making remains an open…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-27 Ning Gao , Wei Zhang , Yuqin Dai , Ling Shi , Ziyin Wang , Yujie Wang , Wei He , Jinpeng Wang , Chaozheng Wang

Dialog management (DM) is a crucial component in a task-oriented dialog system. Given the dialog history, DM predicts the dialog state and decides the next action that the dialog agent should take. Recently, dialog policy learning has been…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-10-26 Yinpei Dai , Huihua Yu , Yixuan Jiang , Chengguang Tang , Yongbin Li , Jian Sun

Dialogue policy learning for task-oriented dialogue systems has enjoyed great progress recently mostly through employing reinforcement learning methods. However, these approaches have become very sophisticated. It is time to re-evaluate it.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-09-22 Ziming Li , Julia Kiseleva , Maarten de Rijke

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) enables learning control policies by utilizing only prior experience, without any online interaction. This can allow robots to acquire generalizable skills from large and diverse datasets, without any…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-24 Aviral Kumar , Anikait Singh , Stephen Tian , Chelsea Finn , Sergey Levine

Building scalable and reusable multi-agent decision policies from offline datasets remains a challenge in offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), as existing methods often rely on fixed observation formats and action spaces that…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Zhuohui Zhang , Bin Cheng , Bin He

The recent development of reinforcement learning (RL) has boosted the adoption of online RL for wireless radio resource management (RRM). However, online RL algorithms require direct interactions with the environment, which may be…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2023-11-21 Kun Yang , Cong Shen , Jing Yang , Shu-ping Yeh , Jerry Sydir

Human conversation is inherently complex, often spanning many different topics/domains. This makes policy learning for dialogue systems very challenging. Standard flat reinforcement learning methods do not provide an efficient framework for…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored for building Agents capable of active environmental interaction (e.g., via tool use) to solve complex problems. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is considered a key technology with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-19 Mingyue Cheng , Jie Ouyang , Shuo Yu , Ruiran Yan , Yucong Luo , Zirui Liu , Daoyu Wang , Qi Liu , Enhong Chen

Cross-domain task-oriented dialogue requires reasoning over implicit and explicit feasibility constraints while planning long-horizon, multi-turn actions. Large language models (LLMs) can infer such constraints but are unreliable over long…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Yangyang Zhao , Linfan Dai , Li Cai , Bowen Xing , Libo Qin

In recent years, machine learning technologies have gained immense popularity and are being used in a wide range of domains. However, due to the complexity associated with machine learning algorithms, it is a challenge to make it…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Natalie Sinani , Sahil Salma , Paul Boutot , Sadaf Mustafiz

Recent studies have shown that reinforcement learning (RL) is an effective approach for improving the performance of neural machine translation (NMT) system. However, due to its instability, successfully RL training is challenging,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-08-28 Lijun Wu , Fei Tian , Tao Qin , Jianhuang Lai , Tie-Yan Liu

As agentic AI becomes more widespread, agents with distinct and possibly conflicting goals will interact in complex ways. These multi-agent interactions pose a fundamental challenge, particularly in social dilemmas, where agents' individual…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-02 Dereck Piche , Mohammed Muqeeth , Milad Aghajohari , Juan Duque , Michael Noukhovitch , Aaron Courville

Reinforcement Learning (RL) plays an important role in the robotic manipulation domain since it allows self-learning from trial-and-error interactions with the environment. Still, sample efficiency and reward specification seriously limit…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2023-11-07 Kun Chu , Xufeng Zhao , Cornelius Weber , Mengdi Li , Stefan Wermter

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in a wide range of natural language processing tasks and can be adapted through prompting. However, they remain suboptimal in multi-turn interactions, often relying on incorrect…

Current research in dialogue systems is focused on conversational assistants working on short conversations in either task-oriented or open domain settings. In this paper, we focus on improving task-based conversational assistants online,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-10-06 Ruijie Zhou , Soham Deshmukh , Jeremiah Greer , Charles Lee

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is widely used in task-oriented dialogue systems to optimize dialogue policy, but it struggles to balance exploration and exploitation due to the high dimensionality of state and action spaces. This…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Yangyang Zhao , Ben Niu , Libo Qin , Shihan Wang

Applying Reinforcement learning (RL) following maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) pre-training is a versatile method for enhancing neural machine translation (NMT) performance. However, recent work has argued that the gains produced by RL…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-07 Asaf Yehudai , Leshem Choshen , Lior Fox , Omri Abend

In task-oriented dialogs (TOD), reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms train a model to directly optimize response for task-related metrics. However, RL needs to perform exploration, which can be time-consuming due to the slow…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-23 Xiao Yu , Qingyang Wu , Kun Qian , Zhou Yu

We study the limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) for the task of response generation in human-machine dialogue. Several techniques have been proposed in the literature for different dialogue types (e.g., Open-Domain). However, the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-06 Simone Alghisi , Massimo Rizzoli , Gabriel Roccabruna , Seyed Mahed Mousavi , Giuseppe Riccardi

Large Language Models (LLMs) encapsulate an extensive amount of world knowledge, and this has enabled their application in various domains to improve the performance of a variety of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. This has also…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-04-30 Sina Gholamian , Domingo Huh