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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in settings where inducing a bias toward a certain topic can have significant consequences, and backdoor attacks can be used to produce such models. Prior work on backdoor attacks has…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Anudeep Das , Prach Chantasantitam , Gurjot Singh , Lipeng He , Mariia Ponomarenko , Florian Kerschbaum

With the broad application of deep neural networks (DNNs), backdoor attacks have gradually attracted attention. Backdoor attacks are insidious, and poisoned models perform well on benign samples and are only triggered when given specific…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-07-12 Chang Yue , Peizhuo Lv , Ruigang Liang , Kai Chen

Backdoor attacks are among the most effective, practical, and stealthy attacks in deep learning. In this paper, we consider a practical scenario where a developer obtains a deep model from a third party and uses it as part of a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-28 Dorde Popovic , Amin Sadeghi , Ting Yu , Sanjay Chawla , Issa Khalil

Backdoor attacks undermine the reliability and trustworthiness of machine learning systems by injecting hidden behaviors that can be maliciously activated at inference time. While such threats have been extensively studied in unimodal…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Juncheng Li , Yige Li , Hanxun Huang , Yunhao Chen , Xin Wang , Yixu Wang , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Deep learning based systems are susceptible to adversarial attacks, where a small, imperceptible change at the input alters the model prediction. However, to date the majority of the approaches to detect these attacks have been designed for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-09-27 Vyas Raina , Mark Gales

With the rise of advanced reasoning capabilities, large language models (LLMs) are receiving increasing attention. However, although reasoning improves LLMs' performance on downstream tasks, it also introduces new security risks, as…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Man Hu , Xinyi Wu , Zuofeng Suo , Jinbo Feng , Linghui Meng , Yanhao Jia , Anh Tuan Luu , Shuai Zhao

In recent years, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have had a dramatic impact on a variety of problems that were long considered very difficult, e. g., image classification and automatic language translation to name just a few. The accuracy of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-09-13 Yannik Potdevin , Dirk Nowotka , Vijay Ganesh

Existing research on training-time attacks for deep neural networks (DNNs), such as backdoors, largely assume that models are static once trained, and hidden backdoors trained into models remain active indefinitely. In practice, models are…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-02-10 Huiying Li , Arjun Nitin Bhagoji , Yuxin Chen , Haitao Zheng , Ben Y. Zhao

Extensive evidence has demonstrated that deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, which motivates the development of backdoor attacks detection. Most detection methods are designed to verify whether a model is…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-12-08 Yuhang Wang , Huafeng Shi , Rui Min , Ruijia Wu , Siyuan Liang , Yichao Wu , Ding Liang , Aishan Liu

Backdoor attacks, in which a model behaves maliciously when given an attacker-specified trigger, pose a major security risk for practitioners who depend on publicly released language models. As a countermeasure, backdoor detection methods…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Jun Yan , Wenjie Jacky Mo , Xiang Ren , Robin Jia

Backdoor attacks have emerged as a prominent threat to natural language processing (NLP) models, where the presence of specific triggers in the input can lead poisoned models to misclassify these inputs to predetermined target classes.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-10-30 Lu Yan , Zhuo Zhang , Guanhong Tao , Kaiyuan Zhang , Xuan Chen , Guangyu Shen , Xiangyu Zhang

Powered by their superior performance, deep neural networks (DNNs) have found widespread applications across various domains. Many deep learning (DL) models are now embedded in mobile apps, making them more accessible to end users through…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-03 Jiali Wei , Ming Fan , Xicheng Zhang , Wenjing Jiao , Haijun Wang , Ting Liu

Backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to Large Language Models (LLMs), where adversaries can embed hidden triggers to manipulate LLM's outputs. Most existing defense methods, primarily designed for classification tasks, are ineffective…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Zihan Wang , Rui Zhang , Hongwei Li , Wenshu Fan , Wenbo Jiang , Qingchuan Zhao , Guowen Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain susceptible to jailbreak exploits that bypass safety filters and induce harmful or unethical behavior. This work presents a systematic taxonomy of existing jailbreak defenses across prompt-level,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Ryan Wong , Hosea David Yu Fei Ng , Dhananjai Sharma , Glenn Jun Jie Ng , Kavishvaran Srinivasan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become central to numerous natural language processing tasks, but their vulnerabilities present significant security and ethical challenges. This systematic survey explores the evolving landscape of attack…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-05 Zhiyu Liao , Kang Chen , Yuanguo Lin , Kangkang Li , Yunxuan Liu , Hefeng Chen , Xingwang Huang , Yuanhui Yu

Robustness of huge Transformer-based models for natural language processing is an important issue due to their capabilities and wide adoption. One way to understand and improve robustness of these models is an exploration of an adversarial…

Traditional deep learning networks (DNN) exhibit intriguing vulnerabilities that allow an attacker to force them to fail at their task. Notorious attacks such as the Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) and the more powerful Projected Gradient…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-16 Jasser Jasser , Ivan Garibay

In this paper, we present a new form of backdoor attack against Large Language Models (LLMs): lingual-backdoor attacks. The key novelty of lingual-backdoor attacks is that the language itself serves as the trigger to hijack the infected…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-07 Zihan Wang , Hongwei Li , Rui Zhang , Wenbo Jiang , Kangjie Chen , Tianwei Zhang , Qingchuan Zhao , Guowen Xu

Backdoor defenses have recently become important in resisting backdoor attacks in deep neural networks (DNNs), where attackers implant backdoors into the DNN model by injecting backdoor samples into the training dataset. Although there are…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Xinfu Li , Junying Zhang , Xindi Ma

DNN is presenting human-level performance for many complex intelligent tasks in real-world applications. However, it also introduces ever-increasing security concerns. For example, the emerging adversarial attacks indicate that even very…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-03-21 Qi Liu , Tao Liu , Zihao Liu , Yanzhi Wang , Yier Jin , Wujie Wen