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This tutorial paper presents recent work of the authors that extends the theory of Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) to address practical challenges in the synthesis of safe controllers for autonomous systems and robots. We present novel…

Modern nonlinear control theory seeks to develop feedback controllers that endow systems with properties such as safety and stability. The guarantees ensured by these controllers often rely on accurate estimates of the system state for…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-11-02 Sarah Dean , Andrew J. Taylor , Ryan K. Cosner , Benjamin Recht , Aaron D. Ames

Guaranteeing safety in the presence of unmatched disturbances -- uncertainties that cannot be directly canceled by the control input -- remains a key challenge in nonlinear control. This paper presents a constructive approach to…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-02-04 Max H. Cohen , Pio Ong , Aaron D. Ames

Ensuring safety in the sense of constraint satisfaction for learning-based control is a critical challenge, especially in the model-free case. While safety filters address this challenge in the model-based setting by modifying unsafe…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-01-15 Kanghui He , Shengling Shi , Ton van den Boom , Bart De Schutter

Ensuring robot safety in complex environments is a difficult task due to actuation limits, such as torque bounds. This paper presents a safety-critical control framework that leverages learning-based switching between multiple backup…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2024-03-08 Neil C. Janwani , Ersin Daş , Thomas Touma , Skylar X. Wei , Tamas G. Molnar , Joel W. Burdick

Path-tracking control of self-driving vehicles can benefit from deep learning for tackling longstanding challenges such as nonlinearity and uncertainty. However, deep neural controllers lack safety guarantees, restricting their practical…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2022-08-09 Zhizhen Qin , Tsui-Wei Weng , Sicun Gao

Reinforcement Learning (RL) and continuous nonlinear control have been successfully deployed in multiple domains of complicated sequential decision-making tasks. However, given the exploration nature of the learning process and the presence…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2022-08-01 Wenhao Luo , Wen Sun , Ashish Kapoor

While control barrier functions (CBFs) are employed in addressing safety, control synthesis methods based on them generally rely on accurate system dynamics. This is a critical limitation, since the dynamics of complex systems are often not…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-10-02 Armin Lederer , Azra Begzadić , Sandra Hirche , Jorge Cortés , Sylvia Herbert

This paper addresses the target-pursuit problem, aiming to ensure each pursuer's safety regarding collision avoidance, sensing range, and input saturation. An input-constrained CBF is proposed to dynamically regulate the pursuer's control,…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-12-11 Yaosheng Deng , Junjie Gao , Jiaping Xiao , Mir Feroskhan

Imitation Learning (IL) techniques aim to replicate human behaviors in specific tasks. While IL has gained prominence due to its effectiveness and efficiency, traditional methods often focus on datasets collected from experts to produce a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-28 Mathieu Petitbois , Rémy Portelas , Sylvain Lamprier , Ludovic Denoyer

The problem of safely learning and controlling a dynamical system - i.e., of stabilizing an originally (partially) unknown system while ensuring that it does not leave a prescribed 'safe set' - has recently received tremendous attention in…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-10-10 Jafar Abbaszadeh Chekan , Cedric Langbort

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven to be particularly effective in solving complex decision-making problems for a wide range of applications. Safe reinforcement learning refers to a class of constrained problems where the constraint…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-05-13 Dhruv Singh Kushwaha , Zoleikha Abdollahi Biron

Control barrier certificates have proven effective in formally guaranteeing the safety of the control systems. However, designing a control barrier certificate is a time-consuming and computationally expensive endeavor that requires expert…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-05-28 Alireza Nadali , Ashutosh Trivedi , Majid Zamani

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents need to explore their environment to learn optimal behaviors and achieve maximum rewards. However, exploration can be risky when training RL directly on real systems, while simulation-based training…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Dvij Kalaria , Qin Lin , John M. Dolan

Hand-crafting generalised decision-making rules for real-world urban autonomous driving is hard. Alternatively, learning behaviour from easy-to-collect human driving demonstrations is appealing. Prior work has studied imitation learning…

We consider the problem of safely exploring a static and unknown environment while learning valid control barrier functions (CBFs) from sensor data. Existing works either assume known environments, target specific dynamics models, or use…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-04-03 Paul Lutkus , Deepika Anantharaman , Stephen Tu , Lars Lindemann

Reinforcement Learning (RL) uses rewards to guide learning, yet reward design is typically hand-crafted using heuristics that can be difficult to tune. We propose a Control Barrier Function (CBF)-informed reward design for Multi-Agent RL…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Jianye Xu , Bassam Alrifaee

In this paper, we consider the problem of safe control synthesis of general controlled nonlinear systems in the presence of bounded additive disturbances. Towards this aim, we first construct a governing augmented state space model…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-10-02 Vrushabh Zinage , Rohan Chandra , Efstathios Bakolas

Learning from expert demonstrations to flexibly program an autonomous system with complex behaviors or to predict an agent's behavior is a powerful tool, especially in collaborative control settings. A common method to solve this problem is…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-05-15 Samuel Tesfazgi , Leonhard Sprandl , Armin Lederer , Sandra Hirche

Safety filters leveraging control barrier functions (CBFs) are highly effective for enforcing safe behavior on complex systems. It is often easier to synthesize CBFs for a Reduced order Model (RoM), and track the resulting safe behavior on…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-12-09 William D. Compton , Max H. Cohen , Aaron D. Ames