相关论文: Exact expressions for available potential energy a…

We consider a rotating non-hydrostatic flow with arbitrary stratification and argue that 1) the appropriate form of potential vorticity (PV) for this system is in terms of isopycnal deviation and 2) the decomposition into energetically…

We extend the local theory of available potential energy (APE) to a general multicomponent compressible stratified fluid, accounting for the effects of diabatic sinks and sources. As for simple compressible fluids, the total potential…

Explicit expressions of the 3D velocity field in terms of the conserved quantities of ideal fluid thermocline theory, namely Bernoulli function, density, and potential vorticity, are generalised here to a compressible ocean with a realistic…

The possibility of constructing Lorenz's concept of available potential energy (APE) from a local principle has been known for some time, but has received very little attention so far. Yet, the local APE framework offers the advantage of…

Because it allows a rigorous separation between reversible and irreversible processes, the concept of available potential energy (APE) has become central to the study of turbulent stratified fluids. In ocean modelling, it is fundamental to…

This paper shows that the energetics of Boussinesq and anelastic fluids possesses a term that can be identified as the approximation $\delta W_{ba}$ to the compressible work of expansion/contraction $\delta W =-P {\rm d}\upsilon$, where $P$…

Atmospheric moist available potential energy (MAPE) has been traditionally defined as the potential energy of a moist atmosphere relative to that of the adiabatically sorted reference state defining a global potential energy minimum.…

A new potential vorticity is derived by using a specific entropy formulation expressed in terms of a moist-air entropy potential temperature. The new formulation is compared with Ertel's version and with others based on virtual and…

This article introduces an analytic formula for entraining convective available potential energy (ECAPE) with an entrainment rate that is determined directly from the storm environment. Extending previous formulas derived in Peters et al.…

In a recent paper, Romps (JAS, vol.72, p.3639-3646, 2015, hereafter R15) argues that the moist-air static energy (MSE) is only approximately conserved for an adiabatically lifted parcel, and that the quantity "MSE - CAPE" could be used as a…

Adiabatic and inviscid axisymmetric perturbations to a stable reference vortex in gradient wind balance are known to experience two kinds of restoring forces: one that is proportional to both the perturbation density and the reference…

Adaptive precision molecular dynamics simulations have developed along energy- and force-coupling approaches, which allow for a continuous transition between different particle descriptions or interaction potentials. Most approaches…

The static energy encodes all possible information about the thermodynamics and potential energy (and all related forces) of stratified geophysical fluids. In this paper, we develop a systematic methodology, called static energy…

Potential vorticity (PV) is one of the most important quantities in atmospheric science. The PV of each fluid parcel is known to be conserved in the case of a dry atmosphere. However, a parcel's PV is not conserved if clouds or phase…

The expressions of momentum and energy of a particle in special relativity are often derived in a quite unconvincing manner in elementary text, by resorting either to electrodynamic or quantum considerations, or via the introduction of the…

Probability distributions and densities are derived for the excess and deficiency of the intensity or instantaneous energy (quasi-static power) associated with a $p$-dimensional random vector field. Explicit expressions for the exact…

We critically examine the applicability of the effective potential within dynamical situations and find, in short, that the answer is negative. An important caveat of the use of an effective potential in dynamical equations of motion is an…

The Lorentz transformations are represented on the ball of relativistically admissible velocities by Einstein velocity addition and rotations. This representation is by projective maps. The relativistic dynamic equation can be derived by…

We have derived a new method which allows to compute the full and the Pauli reference kinetic potentials for atoms and molecules in a real space representation. This is done by applying the optimized effective potential (OEP) method to…

Convective available potential energy (CAPE), a metric associated with severe weather, is expected to increase with warming. Under the most widely-accepted theory, developed for strongly convective regimes, mean CAPE should rise following…