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Reinforcement learning (RL) is central to improving reasoning in large language models (LLMs) but typically requires ground-truth rewards. Test-Time Reinforcement Learning (TTRL) removes this need by using majority-vote rewards, but relies…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Aleksei Arzhantsev , Otmane Sakhi , Flavian Vasile

In recent years deep reinforcement learning (RL) systems have attained superhuman performance in a number of challenging task domains. However, a major limitation of such applications is their demand for massive amounts of training data. A…

Efficiently acquiring external knowledge and up-to-date information is essential for effective reasoning and text generation in large language models (LLMs). Prompting advanced LLMs with reasoning capabilities to use search engines during…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Bowen Jin , Hansi Zeng , Zhenrui Yue , Jinsung Yoon , Sercan Arik , Dong Wang , Hamed Zamani , Jiawei Han

Recent advances in reasoning-centric language models have highlighted reinforcement learning (RL) as a promising method for aligning models with verifiable rewards. However, it remains contentious whether RL truly expands a model's…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Mingjie Liu , Shizhe Diao , Ximing Lu , Jian Hu , Xin Dong , Yejin Choi , Jan Kautz , Yi Dong

This paper presents the development of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based fighter jet agent within a customized Pygame simulation environment, designed to solve multi-objective tasks via deep reinforcement learning (DRL). The jet's…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-20 Swati Kar , Soumyabrata Dey , Mahesh K Banavar , Shahnewaz Karim Sakib

One major barrier to applications of deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) both inside and outside of games is the lack of explainability. In this paper, we describe a lightweight and effective method to derive explanations for deep RL agents,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-08 Alexander Sieusahai , Matthew Guzdial

Recommender systems have been widely applied in different real-life scenarios to help us find useful information. In particular, Reinforcement Learning (RL) based recommender systems have become an emerging research topic in recent years,…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2023-06-13 Yuanguo Lin , Yong Liu , Fan Lin , Lixin Zou , Pengcheng Wu , Wenhua Zeng , Huanhuan Chen , Chunyan Miao

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated remarkable success in solving complex decision-making problems, yet its adoption in critical domains is hindered by the lack of interpretability in its decision-making processes. Existing…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Rui Zuo , Simon Khan , Zifan Wang , Garrett Ethan Katz , Qinru Qiu

To develop driving automation technologies for human, a human-centered methodology should be adopted for ensured safety and satisfactory user experience. Automated lane change decision in dense highway traffic is challenging, especially…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2021-12-28 Daofei Li , Ao Liu

Iterative retrieval refers to the process in which the model continuously queries the retriever during generation to enhance the relevance of the retrieved knowledge, thereby improving the performance of Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-02 Tian Yu , Shaolei Zhang , Yang Feng

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents aim at learning by interacting with an environment, and are not designed for representing or reasoning with declarative knowledge. Knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR) paradigms are strong in…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2018-11-26 Keting Lu , Shiqi Zhang , Peter Stone , Xiaoping Chen

Equipping large language models (LLMs) with complex, interleaved reasoning and tool-use capabilities has become a key focus in agentic AI research, especially with recent advances in reasoning-oriented (``thinking'') models. Such…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Shrey Pandit , Revanth Gangi Reddy , Austin Xu , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty

Existing Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have shown the potential of reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance the complex reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models~(LLMs). While they achieve remarkable performance on challenging tasks…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-03-19 Huatong Song , Jinhao Jiang , Yingqian Min , Jie Chen , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Lei Fang , Ji-Rong Wen

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been recognized as a powerful tool for robot control tasks. RL typically employs reward functions to define task objectives and guide agent learning. However, since the reward function serves the dual purpose…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-10 Zhao Yu , Xiuping Wu , Liangjun Ke

Finding meaningful and accurate dense rewards is a fundamental task in the field of reinforcement learning (RL) that enables agents to explore environments more efficiently. In traditional RL settings, agents learn optimal policies through…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-05 Shuyuan Zhang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) or Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a powerful approach to solving Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) when the model of the environment is not known a priori. However, RL models are still faced with challenges…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-06-04 Kabirat Olayemi , Mien Van , Luke Maguire , Sean McLoone

In this paper, we investigate the problem of how to effectively master tool-use to solve complex visual reasoning tasks for Multimodal Large Language Models. To achieve that, we propose a novel Tool-supervised Reinforcement Learning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Qihua Dong , Gozde Sahin , Pei Wang , Zhaowei Cai , Robik Shrestha , Hao Yang , Davide Modolo

Recent advancements in large reasoning models (LRMs) have significantly enhanced language models' capabilities in complex problem-solving by emulating human-like deliberative thinking. However, these models often exhibit overthinking (i.e.,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-19 Weixiang Zhao , Jiahe Guo , Yang Deng , Xingyu Sui , Yulin Hu , Yanyan Zhao , Wanxiang Che , Bing Qin , Tat-Seng Chua , Ting Liu

Although Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Large Language Models (LLMs) each show promise in addressing decision-making challenges in autonomous driving, DRL often suffers from high sample complexity, while LLMs have difficulty ensuring…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-21 Chengkai Xu , Jiaqi Liu , Shiyu Fang , Yiming Cui , Dong Chen , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm in Artificial Intelligence (AI), enabling agents to learn optimal behaviors through interactions with their environments. Drawing from the foundations of trial and error, RL…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-04 Majid Ghasemi , Amir Hossein Moosavi , Dariush Ebrahimi